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[工學(xué)]chapter8-u-is-展示頁

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【正文】 Fine structure adsorption can be found between 230 and 270 nm. E1帶的吸收峰在 185nm左右 , 吸收特別強 , εmax>104, 是由苯環(huán)內(nèi)乙烯鍵上的 π電子被激發(fā)所致 。 Examples: C H3C = OC H3? m a x 2 7 9 n m ( ? 1 5 )? m a x 2 9 1 n m ( ? 1 1 )OC H3 C HC H2= C H C HO? m a x ( R ) 3 1 5 n m ( ? 1 4 )? m a x ( R ) 3 1 9 n m ( ? 5 0 )C C H3Oacetone acrylaldehyde acetaldehyde acetophenone ii) Kband ( from German: konjuierte). It is formed byπ→π * transition in conjugated system, and the most mon band in UVvis. 特點: ① λmax 210- 270nm, εmax> 10000; ② 溶劑極性 ↑時 , λmax不變 (雙烯 )或發(fā)生紅移 (烯酮 )。 生色團 溶劑 ? /nm ?m ax 躍遷類型 烯 正庚烷 177 13000 p ? p * 炔 正庚烷 178 10000 p ? p * 羧基 乙醇 204 41 n ? p * 酰胺基 水 214 60 n ? p * 羰基 正己烷 186 1000 n ? p * , n ? s * 偶氮基 乙醇 339 , 665 150000 n ? p * , 硝基 異辛酯 280 22 n ? p * 亞硝基 乙醚 300 , 665 100 n ? p * 硝酸酯 二氧雜環(huán)己烷 270 12 n ? p * The mon chromophores: ( 2) auxochromes 助色團 The p—π conjugation makes the adsorption peak of chromophore move to the long wavelength and increase the strength. Such atoms or groups are called as auxochormes. 特點: 助色團一般是帶有 p電子的基團 . eg.: SR XNR 2ORNH 2OH 、 、 、 、 、 等C CC lHH H ( 3) red shift and blue shift If the adsorption peak moves to the longer wavelength by the introduce of lonepair electrons, it is called as red shift ( 長移或紅移 ), otherwise, blue shift( 短移或藍移 )。 1. Principles of UV Ee energies for electronic transition of atoms in the molecule Ev energies for vibration between two atoms Er energies for molecular rotation rve ΔΕΔΕΔΕΔΕ ++?討論: ( 1) rotational energy ΔΕr: ~ wavelength:25025?m farinfrared light Farinfrared Spectroscopy ( 2) vibrational energy ΔEv : 1 eV wavelength: 25 ?m infrared light IR ( 3) electronic energy ΔEe : 120 eV wavelength: ?m UVvis The shape of UV adsorption curve? Excitation from the ground electronic state can occur to more than one vibrational level and rotatioal sublevels. The adsorption bands are broad because each electronic energy level has multiple vibrational and rotaional energy levels associated with it. Electronic transitions P319 p, s, and n (nonbonding) electrons 167。 柱溫 : 30℃ 。 流速 mL/min。 Temperature: 25℃ 。 Ultravioletvisible Spectrometry (紫外 可見吸收光譜分析 ) Waters HPLC (W2695 pump, W2996DAD detector, automatic injector, Empower station) Column: Symmetry C18 (3. 9mm 150mm, 5μm)。 Mobile phase: methanol 1% acetic solution。 Simultaneous detection of Ferulic acid and Gastrodin by HPLC RPHPLC 270 nm 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品 323 nm 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品 270 nm 樣品 323 nm 樣品 Melamine Mobile phase: hepane sulfonic sodium water solution: acetonitrile Phenomenex. Luna C8 ( . 250mm, 5μm) 。 進樣量 : 20?L。 檢測波長 : 240nm Ionpair HPLC 1. Introduction to UVVis spectroscopy 2. Measurement of UVVis spectroscopy LambertBeer Law 3. Instrumentation of UVVis spectroscopy 4. Application of UVVis spectroscopy ? UVVis is molecular absorption spectroscopy P326 What are the nature of these absorptions? as UV or visible light irradiate molecules, electrons in the lowest molecular orbital may be excited and transferred to an orbital of higher energy. ?? h*MhM t0 II ? ??? ??+167。 2. Basic knowledge of UV Sigma and Pi orbitals ?E s p n p* s* s→s* n→ s* p→ p* n→ p* 電子躍遷能級示意圖 10 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 波長 /nm lg? n→p* 6 5 4 3 2 1 p→ p* n→s* s→ s* n→p* 遠 UV區(qū) 近 UV區(qū) Vis區(qū) 電子躍遷所處的波長范圍及強度 (1) ss* – UV photon required, high energy ? Methane at 125 nm ? Ethane at 135 nm (2) n s* (a) The atoms with unshared electron pairs should be contained. (b) O, S, N, halogens (c) 150250 nm, not intense (3) pp* ? higher ? (1000 to 10000) unsaturated group( —C= C—, —C= O) λ ? 200nm (4) np* lower ? (10 to 100) 含雜原子不飽和基團 ( C≡N, C= O) λ 200400nm(近紫外 ) (烯 ) ( 炔) (羰基) some ba
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