【正文】 氣； 轉(zhuǎn)化； 變換； 物料衡算； 熱量衡算； 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 摘要 Abstract Ammonia is the most important one of basic chemical products, plays an important role in the national economy. Ammonia production after years of development, now has developed into a mature chemical production processes. With the increasingly severe environmental pollution， the trend that the whole earth warms up bees more and more obvious． Thus， conversion of synthetic ammonia from the natural gas which is one kind of the clean energies will still hold an important position in the following several decades． Gas of main position is methane, is recognized as a clean energy in the world today, after the bustion of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides was only 50% and 20% of the coal pollution .Natural gas is one of a kind of fine chemical raw materials, so the natural gas as the resource of the chemical industry more and more get the attention of people. The design review described some of the major domestic and international situation and the development of synthetic ammonia industry trends and technological process. The basic principle， process flow， existing problems and the key problems resolved in various process lines of the different processes by which the natural gas was converted into synthetic ammonia were prehensively introduced． The design is based on annual output of 120,000 tons of natural gas as raw material, the design of synthetic ammonia transformation process. Using the United States developed by Kellogg Company of Kellogg ammonia synthesis process. This process is based on natural gas as a raw material for synthetic ammonia. Combined process for desulfurization of low pressure parts including, one or two paragraphs into high and low temperature transformation, as well as raw materials for precise gas by methanation of carbon and energy and material balance accounting, but also the calculation of the heat exchanger equipment. Introduction of ammonia synthesis production process, highlighted by this process of material balance calculate, energy calculation confirming the main equipment selection. In recent years, the largescale industrial development soon ammonia, low energy consumption, the clean production of synthetic ammonia equipment development are the 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 摘要 main direction of technical improvement, is to develop better performance of catalyst, reducing ammonia synthesis pressure, the development of new materials gas purification methods, reduce fuel consumption, low heat recovery and reasonable utilization, etc. Keywords:SyntheticAmmonia。 Transformation。 Heat Balance 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 目錄 目 錄 第一章 文獻綜述 ......................................... 1 合成氨的性質(zhì)、用途及其重要性 ......................... 1 氨的性質(zhì) .......................................... 1 氨的用途及其在國民生產(chǎn)中 的作用 .................... 2 合成氨的發(fā)展技術(shù) ..................................... 3 世界合成氨技術(shù)的發(fā)展 .............................. 3 國外合成氨 技術(shù)概況 ............................... 4 中國合成氨技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ............................. 6 合成氨技術(shù)未 來發(fā)展趨勢 ............................ 7 成氨的工藝流程 ....................................... 8 合成氨的典型 工藝流程介紹 .......................... 8 合成氨轉(zhuǎn)化工序的工藝原理 ......................... 10 合成氨變換工序的工藝原理 ......................... 11 合成氨催化劑 ........................................ 12 催化劑合成氨的反應(yīng)機理 ........................... 12 鐵基催化 劑的研究 ................................. 13 釕基合成氨催化劑 ................................. 15 母體的選擇 ....................................... 15 載體的選擇 ....................................... 15 促進劑 ........................................... 16 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 目錄 第二章 工藝流程 ........................................ 17 工藝介紹 ............................................ 17 原料的選擇 ....................................... 17 原料的脫硫 ....................................... 17 造氣 ............................................. 19 一氧化碳變換 ..................................... 21 CO2的脫除 ........................................ 23 甲烷化法微量 CO、 CO2的脫除 ........................ 24 氨合成工藝條件 ...................................... 25 壓力 ............................................. 25 溫度 ............................................. 26 空間速度 ......................................... 27 轉(zhuǎn)化爐出口氣甲烷含量 ............................. 27 入塔氣體組成 ..................................... 28 催化劑的粒徑 ..................................... 29 第三章 工藝計算 ........................................ 30 物料衡算 ............................................ 30 工藝流程圖 ....................................... 30 氣體流量與組成 ................................... 30 消耗定額的計算 ................................... 31 脫硫槽 108D 物料衡算 ............................. 35 一段爐 101B 物料衡算 ............................. 36 沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 目錄 二段爐 103D 的物料衡算 ........................... 40 高變爐 104DA 的物料衡算 .......................... 44 低變爐 104DB 的物料衡算 .......................... 46 102F 排水量的計算 ............................... 47 101E 脫碳量計算 ................................ 49 甲烷化爐 101D 的物料衡算 ........................ 52 整個低壓系統(tǒng)進出口物料校核 ...................... 54 熱量衡 算 ........................................... 55 計算原理及方法 ................................... 55 一段爐 101B 輻射段熱量衡算 ....................... 56 二段爐 103D 熱量衡算 ............................. 63 換熱器 101C 的熱量衡算 ........................... 66 換熱器 102C 的熱量衡算 ........................... 68 高變爐 104DA 熱量衡算 ............................ 69 換熱器 103C 熱