曼昆經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理(1)-展示頁
2025-05-21 21:22本頁面
【正文】 siness taxes (such as sales taxes) and including business subsidies. Personal Ine ?Personal ine is the ine that households and noncorporate businesses receive. ?Unlike national ine, it excludes retained earnings, which is ine that corporations have earned but have not paid out to their owners. ?In addition, it includes household’s interest ine and government transfers. Disposable Personal Ine ?Disposable personal ine is the ine that household and noncorporate businesses have left after satisfying all their obligations to the government. ?It equals personal ine minus personal taxes and certain nontax payments. GDP的組成部分 ? 消費(fèi) Consumption (C) ? 投資 Investment (I) ? 政府購買 Government Purchases (G) ? 凈出口 Net Exports (NX) Y = C + I + G + NX GDP的組成部分 ?消費(fèi) (C): ?除了購買新住房，家庭用于物品與勞務(wù)的支出。 GDP的組成部分 ?政府購買 (G): ?地方和中央政府用于物品與勞務(wù)的支出。 ?實(shí)際 GDP（ Real GDP ） 按不變價格評價的物品與勞務(wù)的生產(chǎn)。 實(shí)際 GDP與名義 GDP 名義 GDP既反映物品與勞務(wù)價格，又反映經(jīng)濟(jì)中生產(chǎn)的物品與勞務(wù)。 ?名義 GDP相對于實(shí)際 GDP的增加 GDP 平減指數(shù) GDPG D P = 1 0 0GDP?名義平減指數(shù)實(shí)際The GDP deflator is calculated as follows: (Periods of falling real
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