【正文】 ............................................ 1 2點(diǎn)光源跟蹤系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................... 2 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)概述 ................................................. 2 方案論證與比較 ............................................... 3 主控芯片的選擇 ........................................... 3 電機(jī)的選擇 ............................................... 4 電機(jī)驅(qū)動的選擇 ........................................... 4 傳感器的選擇 ............................................. 4 LCD 液晶顯示器的選擇 ..................................... 5 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................. 5 硬件方框圖 ............................................... 5 單片機(jī) MSP430 ............................................. 6 步進(jìn)電機(jī) ................................................. 8 液晶顯示器 .............................................. 10 信號放大器 .............................................. 14 硬件電路圖設(shè)計(jì) .............................................. 14 電源轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 14 信號檢測電路設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 15 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 15 鍵盤設(shè)計(jì) ................................................ 16 液晶顯示器的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 16 系統(tǒng)原理圖 .............................................. 17 3印刷電路圖的繪制 ................................................ 18 PCB 圖繪制的準(zhǔn)備 ............................................ 18 第 IV 頁 PCB 的繪制 .................................................. 18 4仿真步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制 .............................................. 19 硬件仿真 .................................................... 19 方案設(shè)計(jì) ................................................ 19 硬件仿真原理 ............................................ 19 軟件仿真 .................................................... 22 程序流程圖 .............................................. 22 源程序 .................................................. 22 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試和結(jié)果分析 .......................................... 23 電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)行 ............................................ 23 電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)行 ............................................ 24 仿真結(jié)果與分析 .......................................... 24 5總結(jié) ............................................................ 25 致謝 .............................................. 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 tracking。s MSP430F149 ultralow power microcontroller controls the whole system as the core, mainly by the motor drive module, point source detection module, power supply conversion module and other modules. Using 4 phototransistor (3DU33) to detect the location of a point source is detected and amplified signal to pass the controller MSP430F149 microcontroller, operation and processing through the MCU to determine trends in the movement of light source, and operation of the control signal transmission to two stepper motors, to follow the point source movement. When the horizontal direction, 2way phototransistor relatively close to measured values, while 2way vertical phototransistor on the measured values are relatively close, the sensor is located in the middle of the vertical laser pointer to point to the exact point of light. Phototransistor detected the same time are shown on the LCD liquid crystal screen. This design can be extended automatically for subsequent sun tracking system. The system can not only automatically adjust the direction of sunlight solar panels toward the simple structure, low cost, but also in the process of tracking memory and can automatically correct the coordinates of the location at different times, without human intervention, especially for more plex and nonweather people on duty, effectively improving the utilization of solar energy, has a higher value. Key Words: MSP430。 關(guān)鍵詞： MSP430；光源；跟蹤；檢測；傳感器 第 II 頁 Msp430 microcontrollerbased point source tracking system Hardware Design Design Description Currently solar energy is a clean and pollutionfree energy, the development prospects are very bright, solar power has bee the world39。 本設(shè)計(jì)可以擴(kuò)展為以后的太陽 能發(fā)電 的自動跟蹤系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)水平方向上的 2路光敏三極管測量數(shù)值相對接近，同時豎直方向上的 2路光敏三極管測量數(shù)值也相對接近時，位于豎直傳感器中間的激光筆將 精確的指向點(diǎn)光源。 本設(shè)計(jì)給出了一種基于單片機(jī)的 點(diǎn)光源自動跟蹤系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 , 該設(shè)計(jì)使用 TI公司的超低功耗的 MSP430F149 單片機(jī)作為整個系統(tǒng)的控制核心，主要由電機(jī)驅(qū)動模塊，點(diǎn)光源檢測模塊，電源轉(zhuǎn)換模塊等模塊組成。目前很多太陽能電池板陣列基本上都是固定的 , 沒有充分利用太陽能資源 , 發(fā)電效率低下。 第 I 頁 基于單片機(jī) msp430的點(diǎn)光源跟蹤系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 設(shè)計(jì)總說明 目前太陽能是一種清潔無污染的能源 , 發(fā)展前景非常廣闊 , 太陽能發(fā)電已成為全球發(fā)展速度最快的技術(shù)。然而它也存在著間歇性、光照方向和強(qiáng)度隨時間不斷變化的問題 , 這就對太陽能的收集和利用提出了更高的要求。據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn) , 在太陽能光發(fā)電中 , 相同條件下 , 采用自動跟蹤發(fā)電設(shè)備要比固定發(fā)電設(shè)備的發(fā)電量提高 35%，因此在太陽能利用中進(jìn)行跟蹤是十分必要的。利用 4路光敏三極管(3DU33)來檢測點(diǎn)光源的位置并將檢測到的信號經(jīng)過放大傳給控制器MSP430F149單片機(jī)，經(jīng)過單片機(jī)的運(yùn)算和處理來確定點(diǎn)光源的運(yùn)動趨勢，并將運(yùn)算的控制信號傳給兩臺步進(jìn)電機(jī)，使其跟隨點(diǎn)光源運(yùn)動。同時將光敏三極管檢測的信號顯示在 LCD液晶屏幕上。該系統(tǒng)不僅能自動根據(jù)太陽光方向來調(diào)整太陽能電池板朝向 , 結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低 , 而且在跟蹤過程中能自動記憶和更正不同時間的坐標(biāo)位置 , 不必人工干預(yù) , 特別適合天氣變化比較復(fù)雜和無人值守的情況 , 有效地提高了太陽能的利用率 , 有較好的推廣應(yīng)用價值。s fastestgrowing technology. But it also has intermittent, light direction and intensity of the problem change over time, which the collection and use of solar energy put forward higher requirements. At present, many solar arrays are basically fixed, do not make full use of solar energy resources, power generation efficiency is low. According to experiment, solar power, the same conditions, power generation equipment using automatic tracking equipment than the fixed power generating capacity increased by 35%, so to track utilization of solar energy is necessary. This design gives a light source based on single chip design of automatic tracking system, the design uses TI39。 light source。 detection。 參考文獻(xiàn) .......................................................... 26 附 錄 ............................................................. 27