【正文】 燃料減少和污染增加，彼此互相關(guān) 聯(lián)，威脅著人類的正常生活和持續(xù)發(fā)展。據(jù)權(quán)威人士估計，世界上已經(jīng)探明的石油儲量僅可開采 40 多年；天然氣可開采 70 年左右；煤的儲量較豐富，可開采 200 年。幾十年來，能源問題一直是舉世矚目的重大問題之一。傳感器由獨立的四片光電池組成，用于 大范圍 跟蹤太陽，控制器硬件以單片機 C8051F020 為核心，完成了控制器的硬件電路設(shè)計和制作，系統(tǒng)的硬件電路包括，模擬輸入電路， 電機驅(qū)動電路，電源電路等。為了進一步擴大太陽能的利用范圍，提高太陽能的利用率，本文開發(fā)了一套太陽跟蹤與驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)能夠使太陽能利用裝置時刻保持與太陽光線垂直，其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低廉且跟蹤精度高，可用于太陽灶、太陽能熱水器等各種太陽能裝置上，具有 一定 的實用價值。 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 題目 ： 太陽能光伏發(fā)電 光源跟蹤控制系統(tǒng) — 硬件部分 院 系： 電子信息工程學(xué)院 學(xué)科專業(yè)： 電氣工程及其自動化 2020 年 6 月 II 太陽能光伏發(fā)電光源跟蹤控制系統(tǒng) —— 硬件部分 摘要 太陽能是一種非常具有開發(fā)潛力的能源，世界各國都在積極開發(fā)利用太陽能。我國太陽能的利用，在近十年發(fā)展得非常迅速，但是我國的太陽能利用技術(shù)還比較 落后，且太陽能利用的局限性很大。 設(shè)計的太陽跟蹤與驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)主要由三大部分構(gòu)成：傳感器、控制器、機 械跟蹤平臺。 關(guān)鍵詞 :太陽跟蹤，傳感器，控制器，跟蹤平臺 III Solar photovoltaic energy sources tracking control system —— The hardware part Abstract Solar energy is a kind of energy with great potential development,and many countries is trying to utilize use of solar energy is developed very fast in our country in recent ten the technology of utilizing solar energy is still relatively backward,and the application of solar energy is restricted by many widen the use of solar energy and increase the utilization of solar energy,the solar energy traking and driving system is designed in this system can guarantee that the deviceice of utilizing solar energy is vertical to sun streams,and it has simple structure, low cost and high tracking system can be used in many kinds of solar installations such as solar cooker and solar water heater,and it has certain practical value. In the paper,the designed solar tracking and drive control system are mainly posed of three major ponents:sensors,controllers and mechanical tracking sensor is mainly posed of four photocell which could achieve largescale tracking the is used as the core in the circuit design and production are system hardware circuits are posed of analog input circuit,the motor drive circuit,power circuit and so on. Keywords:Solar tracking,sensor, controller,tracking platform IV 目錄 中文摘要 ……………………………………………………… ……… Ⅰ 英文摘要 ………………………………………………………… .....Ⅱ 1 緒論 ..................................................................................................... 1 課題背景 ........................................................................................................... 1 太陽能的特點 .......................................................................................... 1 太陽能利用基本方式 .............................................................................. 2 我國太陽能資源及利用情況 .................................................................. 2 課題意義 ........................................................................................................... 3 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................... 3 主要內(nèi)容 ........................................................................................................... 4 論文結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................................................... 4 2 系統(tǒng)工作原理及總體設(shè)計 ................................................................... 5 太陽運動規(guī)律 ................................................................................................... 5 太陽與地球的位置關(guān)系 .......................................................................... 5 相關(guān)角度的計算 ...................................................................................... 6 跟蹤控制方式的比較 ....................................................................................... 7 視日運動運動軌跡跟蹤 .......................................................................... 7 光電跟蹤 ................................................................................................... 8 視日運動軌跡跟蹤和光電跟蹤相結(jié)合 .................................................. 8 系統(tǒng)工作原理圖 ............................................................................................... 8 3 太陽跟蹤及驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 ................................................... 9 硬件總體設(shè)計方案 ........................................................................................... 9 傳感器結(jié)構(gòu)及信號采集處理電路 ................................................................... 9 光電池的特性參數(shù) ................................................................................... 9 光電池的型號 ......................................................................................... 10 跟蹤控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 ................................................................................. 10 V 單片機 C8051F020 的簡介 .................................................................... 10 電源電路 ................................................................................................. 11 外部時鐘電路 ......................................................................................... 11 復(fù)位電路 ................................................................................................. 12 C8051F020 的 ADC0 子系統(tǒng) ........................................................................ 13 開關(guān)量輸入電路 ............................................................................................. 14 步進電機驅(qū)動與控制模塊 ............................................................................. 15 步進電機簡述 ........................................................................................ 15 步進電機控制系統(tǒng) ................................................................................ 15 串并行控制 ............................................................................................ 16 步進電機細分驅(qū)動控制 ........................................................................ 16 步進電機加減速控制 ............................................................................ 17 步進電機驅(qū)動電路 ..................................