【正文】 tructure of the pany, thus the formation of different panies and management talent dispersed ownership of . panies, the lack of strong corporate governance by shareholders in the supervisory board of business by the board of directors and the supervisory board often a mere formality, the actual control easily transferred to the hands of managers. To this end the United States established a welldeveloped capital markets and sound corporate laws and regulations, effectively inhibited from outside the opportunistic behavior of managers. Meanwhile, the dispersed ownership of the pany39。s business munity and flexible training methods for employees, diversity, efficiency, the kind of training on the use of which benefit. Content from the training point of view, a new adaptive training of workers, have jobs diverted to training, job training, promotion, professional training and corporate training managers at all levels. The training of professionals so that they are often taken to study problems with organizing seminars, exchanges, organizing short courses, the purpose, direction, practical, very strong. Training for enterprise management approach often taken at different levels. Senior management of enterprises rely mainly on the self, organize them into a condition of good environmental sites, conduct discussions and exchange。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 外文翻譯資料 系 部： 經(jīng)濟(jì)與工商管理系 專 業(yè)： 工商管理 學(xué)生姓名： 班級(jí)學(xué)號(hào)： 指導(dǎo)教師姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師職稱： Human Resource Management Japanese business management personnel of the supervision and restraint mainly from two aspects: first, the holding pany from the crossshareholdings, if a poor performance or business operators can not afford, the major shareholder of the business operators will be for criticism, and urge them to improve their work, until the removal of the operator。 Another important oversight from the main bank. Main bank monitoring the way of business management under specific circumstances: in the good performance of the pany, the enterprise is operating normally, the main banks do not intervene, but when the poor performance of the pany to display and control power. Main bank can be major shareholders, the Board replace the managers. Crossshareholdings in the pany and the main bank holding system, the holding sole purpose is to make shareholders stabilization, mutual support and control, rather than to get a higher dividend and bonus. Therefore, the stock is not easily shot, turnover rate is low, the stock market and therefore have little effect on managers. Mergers on the stock market, Japan is also rare, making the market mechanism of the business management of the effectiveness of the external constraint is not. In Japan, due to external market is relatively underdeveloped in terms of British and American, plus the influence by Confucian culture, corporate family characteristics significantly, and management talent is also a longer period of employment, the general practice of lifelong employment system, the relative mobility between enterprises much less. Enterprise managers are mainly promoted from within the enterprise (in addition to the lowest level of job outside), so good management is more willing to risk is low, more opportunities for advancement in the pursuit of individual Menterprise development, enterprises in Japan, M often gathered many of the more outstanding middlelevel management personnel. In the promotion and remuneration, the implementation of power series in wages, promotion system, with employees working years of age and growth of enterprises to increase wages and improve employee job level. For this system there is no increase in wages and promotion by giving employees the ability or strength difference, so for those who like the same age and length of service of employees, wages there would be no difference. Japanese panies attach great importance to the development of enterprise training management p