【正文】
ly until the healthy ICA is reached。 Dissector〔剝離子的使用〕 The inner is a thickened, irregular longitudinal length of atheroma with the intima that may be ulcerated and covered with thrombus. The outer layer is yellow and uniform in thickness: it is a layer of thickened intimomedial fibers that may peel off easily as a circular strip, but which can also be left in situif firmly adherent to the wall. 第四十一頁,共六十一頁。 遠端 : the arteriotomy on the anterolateral aspect of the internal carotid is taken beyond the severe disease, this being usually within 1–2 centimeters of its origin。 第三十九頁,共六十一頁。 動脈切開: longitudinal arteriotomy 注意刀片方向: Cutting edge outwards so that once the lumen is entered, the blade can be drawn outwards to mence a longitudinal arteriotomy. 技巧:切開動脈壁時:可標(biāo)記切口,以確保方向; The arteriotomy is slightly lateral to the midline (from the surgeon’s point of vision)。 頸袢: Ansa cervicalis。 阻斷順序: The first clip is applied to the ICA, then one each to the ECA and the superior thyroid artery and finally to the CCA.〔試阻斷〕 Clamps were applied sequentially to the superior thyroid artery, the mon carotid artery, internal carotid artery, and the external carotid artery.〔持續(xù)阻斷〕 返血:分別提起 ECA, ICA阻斷帶;或源于咽升 A,使用較大的阻斷夾完全阻斷 ECA; 第三十七頁,共六十一頁。 調(diào)整方向及深度: Selfretaining retractor; 此過程輕提血管外膜,別離過程盡量不觸及分叉部或斑塊處;減少斑塊脫落的風(fēng)險; 別離是為臨時阻斷做準(zhǔn)備,不要過分游離血管; 鞘的固定:可起到提起血管的作用,利于操作; 特例: ECA、 ICA并非平行,而是前后關(guān)系時,那么需將分叉部盡可能別離; 第三十六頁,共六十一頁。 重要標(biāo)記: The hypoglossal nerve: crosses the internal and external carotid arteries。 需耐心處理的:淋巴結(jié) 需注意的:觀察心率,必要時應(yīng)用局麻藥物;不要急于升壓提升心率 Posterior belly of the digastric muscle。 it is merely identifi ed and left untouched. 觸及 CCA,別離方向:向頭端,由 CCA, ICA, ECA, superior thyroid arteries; 向上: Posterior belly of the digastric muscle〔二腹肌〕 。 Great auricular nerve〔耳大神經(jīng)〕 External jugular vein 第三十四頁,共六十一頁。 頸闊肌 External jugular vein: vein is ligated and divided。 第三十二頁,共六十一頁。 27: 178–185 第三十頁,共六十一頁。 Selective shunting with eversion carotid endarterectomy 第二十九頁,共六十一頁。 術(shù)式 ? 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) CEA ? 翻轉(zhuǎn)式 CEA 第二十七頁,共六十一頁。 粥樣斑塊〔粥糜樣物〕 狹窄處的真腔縫隙 狹窄真腔 第二十五頁,共六十一頁。 ? 肝素: Dose of 5000 units of heparin or 30 u/kg body weight of intravenous heparin。 ? 無損傷器械使用。 術(shù)中特別注意的問題 ? 術(shù)中對血管的