【正文】 cedures 交投活躍 brisk trading 繳存準(zhǔn)備金 to deposit required reserves 結(jié)構(gòu)扭曲 structural distortion 結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào) structural imbalance 結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化 structural improvement（ optimization） 結(jié)匯、售匯 sale and purchase of foreign exchange 金融脆弱 financial fragility 金融動蕩 financial turbulence 金融風(fēng)波 financial disturbance 金融恐慌 financial panic 金融危機(jī) financial crisis 金融壓抑 financial repression 金融衍生物 financial derivatives 金融詐騙 financial fraud 經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表 IJ 緊縮銀根 to tighten moary policy 緊縮政策 austerity policies。s bank 匯率并軌 unification of exchange rates 活期存款 demand deposits 匯率失調(diào) exchange rate misalignment 混合所有制 diversified（ mixed） ownership 貨幣政策態(tài)勢 moary policy stance 貨款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers 經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表 IJ J 基本建設(shè)投資 investment in infrastructure 基本經(jīng)濟(jì)要素 economic fundamentals 基本適度 broadly appropriate 基準(zhǔn)利率 benchmark interest rate 機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體存款 deposits of nonprofit institutions 機(jī)會成本 opportunity cost 激勵機(jī)制 incentive mechanism 積壓嚴(yán)重 heavy stockpile。s livelihood 經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表 GH 國家對個人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals 國家風(fēng)險 country risk 國際分工 international division of labor 國際收支 balance of payments 國有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行 wholly stateowned mercial banks 國有經(jīng)濟(jì)（部門） the stateowned（ or public） sector 國有企業(yè) stateowned enterprises（ SOEs） 國有制 stateownership 國有資產(chǎn)流失 erosion of state assets 國債回購 government securities repurchase 國債一級自營商 primary underwriters of government securities 過度競爭 excessive petition 過度膨脹 excessive expansion 過熱跡象 signs of overheating 經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表 GH H 合理預(yù)期 rational expectation 核心資本 core capital 合資企業(yè) jointventure enterprises 紅利 dividend 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)營良好 sound macroeconomic performance 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)基本狀況 macroeconomic fundamentals 宏觀調(diào)控 macroeconomic management（ or adjustment） 宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo) macroeconomic objectives（ or targets） 壞賬 bad debt 還本付息 debt service 換匯成本 unit export cost。excessive supply 鼓勵措施 incentives 股份合作企業(yè) jointequity cooperative enterprises 股份制企業(yè) jointequity enterprises 股份制銀行 jointequity banks 固定資產(chǎn)貸款 fixed asset loans 關(guān)稅減免 tariff reduction and exemption 關(guān)稅減讓 tariff concessions 關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠 tariff incentives。capital and current budgetary account 經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表 GH G 改革試點(diǎn) reform experimentation 杠桿率 leverage ratio 杠桿收購 leveraged buyout 高息集資 to raise funds by offering high interest 個人股 noninstitutional shares 根本扭轉(zhuǎn) fundamental turnaround（ or reversal） 公開市場操作 open market operations 公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts 公用事業(yè) public utilities 公有經(jīng)濟(jì) the stateowned sector。user39。tax assignment system 分業(yè)經(jīng)營 segregation of financial business（ services） 。hedging 對非金融部門債權(quán) claims on nonfinancial sector 多種所有制形式 diversified ownership 經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表 EF E 惡性通貨膨脹 hyperinflation 二級市場 secondary market F 發(fā)行貨幣 to issue currency 發(fā)行總股本 total stock issue 法定準(zhǔn)備金 required reserves。to impose credit ceiling 貸款約束機(jī)制 credit disciplinary（ constraint） mechanism 代理國庫 to act as fiscal agent 代理金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款 make loans on behalf of other institutions 戴帽貸款 earmarked loans 經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表 CD 倒逼機(jī)制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing moary condition 道德風(fēng)險 moral hazard 地區(qū)差別 regional disparity 第一產(chǎn)業(yè) the primary industry 第二產(chǎn)業(yè) the secondary industry 第三產(chǎn)業(yè) the service industry。financing channels 經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表 CD 初見成效 initial success 出口統(tǒng)一管理、歸口經(jīng)營 canalization of exports 出口退稅 export tax rebate 儲蓄存款 household deposits（不完全等同于西方的 savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。plete plant（ s） 城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives（ UCCs） 城市合作銀行 urban cooperative banks。excessive inventory 產(chǎn)銷率 current period inventory。in real terms 不動產(chǎn) real estate 不良貸款（資產(chǎn)） problem loans； nonperforming loans（ assets） 經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表 CD C 財務(wù)公司 finance panies 財政赤字 fiscal deficit 財政擠銀行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（ over moary policy） 財政政策與貨幣政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and moary policies 采取循序漸進(jìn)的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner 操作彈性 operational flexibility 操縱匯率 to manipulate exchange rate 產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成 product position。to strive to bee welltodo 避稅（請見 “逃稅 ”） tax avoidance 幣種搭配不當(dāng) currency mismatch 幣種構(gòu)成 currency position 變相社會集資 disguised irregular（ or illegal） fund raising 表外科目（業(yè)務(wù)） offbalancesheet items（ operation） 薄弱環(huán)節(jié) weaknesses。incentive to produce 備付金（超額準(zhǔn)備金） excess reserves 本外幣并賬 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外幣對沖操作 sterilizati