【正文】 39。野金銀花By Philip FreneauIt is Philip Morin Freneau39。 the supreme authority of the Bible。 it believes that we create the world in the act of perceiving it. Modernism implies historical discontinuity, a sense of alienation, of loss, and of despair. It elevates the individual and his inner being over social man and prefers the unconscious to the selfconscious.T. S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land”, the most significant American poem of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.6. Romanticism Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England in the later half of the 18th century. It first made its appearance in England as a renewed interest in medieval literature. William Blake and Robert Burns represented the spirit of what is usually called PreRomanticism. With the publication of William Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads in collaboration with S. T. Coleridge, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in history of English literature. In fact, the first half the 19th century recorded the triumph of Romanticism.Romanticism的特點：frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that he natural world was a source of ，都注重道德，強調(diào)個人主義價值觀和直覺感受，并且認(rèn)為自然是美的源頭，人類社會是腐敗之源。④his most important works are “Representative Men ”《代表》and “English Traits”《英國人》、“Poems”《詩集》⑤摘自《論自然》：Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egotism vanishes. I bee a transparent eyeball. 人形的約束沒有了。3）they believe in the transcendence of over soul, an allpervading power for goodness from which all things e and of which all things are a part. 相信精神上的超越，相信無所不能的善的力量，強調(diào)善為萬物之源。威廉??？思{ William Faulkner (18971962)※《給艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》“A Rose for Emily”《圣殿》 “Sanctuary”《沙多里斯》“Sartoris”《喧囂與騷動》 “The Sound and the Fury”《在我彌留之際》 “As I Lay Dying”《八月之光》 “Light in August”《馬蒂諾醫(yī)生和其它故事選》 ”Doctor Martino and Others Stories”《武士的行動》“Knight’s Gambit”《大樹林》 “Big Woods”《押沙龍，押沙龍》 “Absalom, Absalom”《去吧，摩西》 “Go Down, Moses”《小鄉(xiāng)村》 “The Hamlet”《小鎮(zhèn)》 “The Town”《大宅》 “The Mansion”名詞解釋Terms1. Transcendentalism Transcendentalism refers to the religious and philosophical doctrines of Ralph Waldo Emerson and others in New England in the middle 1800’s, which emphasized the importance of individual inspiration and intuition, the Oversoul, and Nature. Other concepts that acpanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, selfreliant. New England Transcendentalism is the product of a bination of native American Puritanism and European Romanticism. 特點：1）as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and ，不講系統(tǒng)，只強調(diào)超越理性的感受，超越法律和世俗束縛的個人表達(dá)。厄恩斯特?海明威 Ernest Hemingway (18991961)※《永別了，武器》 “A Farewell to Arms”《三個故事和十篇詩歌》”Three Stories and Ten Poems”《太陽照樣升起》 “The Sun Also Rises”《喪鐘為誰而鳴》“For Whom the Bell Tolls”《死在午后》 “Death in the Afternoon”《非洲的青山》 “The Green Hills of Africa”《過河入林》“Across the River and into the Trees”《老人與?！?“The Old Man and the Sea”9。托馬斯?斯特恩斯?愛略特 Thomas Stearns Eliot (18881965)※《J?阿爾弗雷德?普魯弗洛克的情歌》“The Love Song of J? Alfred Prufrock”※《序曲》 “Preludes”※《三賢哲的旅程》 “Journey of the Magi”※《空心人 給老蓋伊一文錢吧》”The Hollow Men A Penny for the Old Guy”《普魯弗洛克及其它一些觀察》 ”Prufrock and Other Observations”《詩集》“Poems”《圣林》 “The Sacred Wood”《傳統(tǒng)和個人天才》 “Tradition and the Individual Talent”《荒原》 “The Waste Land”《空心人》 “The Hollow Men”《灰星期三》 “AshWednesday”《四個四重奏》“Four Quartets”《向德賴登致敬》“Homage to John Dryden”《萎縮爭論》 “Sweeney Agonistes”《耶利爾詩集》 “Ariel Poems”《大教堂兇殺案》 “Murder in the Cathedral”《詩歌的用法和評論的用法》”The Uses of Poetry and the Uses of Criticism”《家庭重聚》 “The Family Reunion”《雞尾酒會》“The Cocktail Party”《機要秘書》 “The Confidential Clerk”《政界元老》 “The Elder Statesman”《完美的詩歌與劇作》 “The Complete Poems and Plays”7?？?桑德堡 Carl Sandburg (18781967)※《芝加哥》 “Chicago”※《港灣》“The Harbor”※《霧》 “Fog”※《冰冷的墓》 “Cool Tombs”※《閃爍的深紅》 “Flash Crimson”※《人民，是的》 “The People, Yes”《芝加哥詩集》 “Chicago Poems”《剝玉米的人》 “Cornhuskers”《煙與鋼》 “Smoke and Steel”《太陽燒灼的西方石板》”Slabs of the Sunburnt West”《美國歌謠匯編》“The American Songbag”《芝加哥種族動亂》 “The Chicago Race Riots”《路特拜故事集》“The Rootabaga Stories”《攝影家斯泰肯》 “Steichen the Photographer”《瑪麗?林肯》“Mary Lincoln”《亞伯拉罕?林肯》 “Abraham Lincoln”5。埃德溫?阿林頓?羅賓遜Edwin Arlington Robinson (18691935)※《山上的古屋》 “The House on the Hill”※《理查?珂利》 “Richard Cory”※《米尼弗?契維》 “Miniver Cheevy”《蒂爾伯里小鎮(zhèn)》 “Tilburg Town”《克雷格艦長》 “Captain Craig”《本?瓊生招待一個來自斯特拉福德的朋友》“Ben Jonson Entertains a Man from Stratford”《默林》 “Merlin”《蘭斯洛特》 “Lancelot”《特拉斯特拉姆》 “Tristram”3。西奧多?德萊塞 Theodore Dreiser (18711945)※《嘉莉妹妹》 “Sister Carrie”《尼吉爾?杰夫》 “Nigger Jeff”《巴塞爾?洛格勞的女兒》”Butcher Rogaum’s Daughter”《珍妮姑娘》“Jannie Gerhardt”《金融家》 “The Financier”《巨人》 “The Titan”《斯多葛》 “The Stoic”《天才》 “Genius”《德萊塞訪蘇印象記》 “Dreiser Looks at Russia”五、二十世紀(jì)文學(xué)Twentieth—Century Literature1。亨利?詹姆斯 Henry James (18431916)※《一個貴婦人的畫像》 ”The Portrait of A Lady”《觀察和守護》 “Watch and Ward”《羅德里克?赫德森》 “Roderick Hudson”《美國人》 “The American”《達(dá)西?密勒》 “Daisy Miller”《波士頓人》 “The Bostonians”《卡薩瑪西瑪公主》 “The Princess Casamassima”《悲慘的繆斯》“The Tragic Muse”《鴿翼》 “The Wings of the Dove”《大使》“The Ambassadors”《金碗》 “The Golden Bowl”7。馬克?吐溫 Mark Twain (18351910)※《湯姆?索亞歷險記》 ”The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”《跳蛙》 “Jumping Frog”《傻子國外旅行記》 “Innocents Abroad”《艱苦歲月》 “Roughing It”《鍍金時代》 “The Gilded Age”《密西西比河上的生活》 ”Life on the Mississippi”《哈克貝里?費恩歷險記》”Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”《傻瓜威爾遜》