【正文】 al stonecarving and building, the desire to develop Roman amenities would have been difficult to fulfill. Administrators thus used their personal contacts to put the Britons in touch with architects and masons. As many of the officials in Britain had strong links with Gaul, it is not surprising that early Roman Britain owes much to craft workers from that area. Local workshops did develop and stylistically similar groups of sculpture show how skills in this new medium became widerspread. Likewise skills in the use of mosaic, wall painting, ceramic decoration, and metalworking developed throughout the province with the eventual emergence of characteristically RomanoBritish styles. This art had a major impact on the native peoples, and one of the most importance factors was a change in the scale of buildings. PreRoman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region. On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small munities. Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of mediumsized structures. The spaces inside even the largest roundhouses were modest, and the use of rounded shapes and organic building materials gave buildings a human scale. ■But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant. The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing. ■This was an architecture of dominance in which subject peoples were literally made to feel small by buildings that epitomized imperial power. ■Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm. ■1. The word “mundane” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. material B. ordinary C. valued D. useful2. Paragraph 1 suggests that one benefit for British natives in buying such items as redgloss pottery made in Gaul was A. improved quality of utilitarian items B. Understanding the symbolism of Classical mythology C. higher social standing D. Learning to massproduce pottery for a profit3. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following ideas about contacts that existed between Britain and the Roman Empire before the Roman conquest of Britain? A. They were sufficient for native Britons to bee familiar with everyday Roman objects. B. They were not sufficient for even very basic aspects of the culture of the Roman Empire to find their way into British life. C. They were not sufficient for British to have heard of the power of the Roman Empire. D. They were sufficient for individual Britons to bee very interested in trying to participate in the culture of the Roman Empire. 4. The word “l(fā)avishly” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. exclusively B. additionally C. appropriately D. richly 5. According to paragraph 2, the style and furnishings of the Fishbourne villa suggest that the person for whom it was built was A. cultured according to the contemporary standards of the empire B. caught between native and Roman traditions C. originally a visitor from Rome D. a member of a socially inferior family 6. The word “sacred” in the passage is closet in meaning to A. holy B. ancient C. natural D. Secret 7. According to paragraph 3, one factor contributing to success of the earliest Romanstyle construction projects in Britain was A. the fact that long before the conquest many civilian workers from Gaul and Germany had settled in Britain B. the rapid development of characteristically RomanoBritish styles C. the availability, in northeast Gaul, of structures that could serve as standards to be copied D. the use, by administrators, of personal connections to bring craft workers form Gaul into contact with Britons 8. In paragraph 4, why does the author mention that “PreRoman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region”? A. To suggest that the Roman conquest of Britain increased the standard of living for natives B. To indicate that preRoman Britain was more interested in festivals and munity life than conquering other regions C. To explain why architecture during this period was not built to be particularly large D. To illustrate how the traditional roundhouse evolved under the influence of Roman civil architecture 9. The word “modest” in the passage in closet in meaning to A. fortable B. limited in number C. poorly lit D. not large 10. According to paragraph 4, people in preRoman Britain lived, for the most part, in A. architecture that seemed imperial in size B. small munities C. large roundhouses D. fortified towns 11. According to paragraph 4, why did straight lines in buildings and settlements emphasize the dominance of those who introduced them? A. Because straight lines were in contrast to the shapes found in preRoman architecture B. Because unlike curved lines, which are shaped in all sorts of different ways, straight lines do no differ C. Because the dominant lines in entire settlements were the same as those in individual buildings D. Because building and settlements were easier to construct when the dominant lines were straight lines 12. According to paragraph 4, buildings from the preRoman period differed sharply from buildings reflection Roman civil architecture in each of the following respects EXCEPT A. their outside and inside dimensions B. the impact they had on people C. the geometric