傳染病學(xué)英文名解及問答題(含答案)-文庫吧資料
2024-08-05 13:19本頁面
【正文】 a period of time, possibly for years, before producing disease as the host’s immunity decreased.4. invasiveness(侵襲力)：the ability of the agent to enter and to move through tissue.5. source of infection(傳染源)： it is referred to a person or animal in which the pathogen stay and multiply and can be disseminated .6. route of transmission(傳播途徑): the route the pathogen entered another susceptible after been disseminated from the source of infection.7. susceptible(易感者): it is referred to a person who lacks immunity to a specific infectious disease.8. relapse(復(fù)發(fā))：it means the return of symptoms after they have apparently ceased during convalescence which is caused by the multiplication of the pathogen in the host. It is often seen in typhoid fever, malaria, et al.9. recrudescence(再燃): it means the reappearance of symptoms after temporary cessation.10. sustained fever (稽留熱）: high fever, lasting and little change in 24 hours, usually 1 degree. Often seen at fastigium of typhoid fever, septicemia, and EHF.11. remittent fever（弛張熱）: high fever, temperature changes 1 degree in 24 hours, but the lowest point of the fever is still above the upper limit of the normal temperature. Often seen in the defervascence of typhoid fever or EHF.12. relapsing fever回歸熱）: several days of high fever with interruption of a few days’ normality. typical fever pattern in brucellosis and relapsing fever.13. Intermittent fever（間歇熱）: temperature fluctuates between the high fever and the degree below the normality. Usually seen in septicemia and malaria. 14. Irregular fever（不規(guī)則熱）:the fever curve is irregular. Seen in influenza or septicemia.15. palmer erythema/liver palm(肝掌): This is intense reddening, mottled in nature, of the palmer aspects due to vasodilation. Seen mainly over the thenar and hypothenar（大、小魚際） eminences.16. spider angiomata(蜘蛛痣)：Spider angiomata are small red macules with fine red lines radiating from it like spider legs. They blanch when pressed(壓之褪色). They represent tiny dilated collateral blood vessels and are seen in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.17. window phase（窗口期）：The window phase is the time from exposure to the organism until one is tested positive for the infection. Someone in the window phase may test negative but actually be positive and able to spread the organism.18. street strain(野毒株/街毒株): it is referred to rabies virus isolated from the naturally infected animals or human with strong pathogenecity and long incubation period.19. fixed strain(固定毒株): After being subcultured in rabbit brain for many times (at least 50 times), the virulence of the street strain decreased greatly, but its immunogenicity remained. It is called fixed strain and often used for vaccine production.20. Negri body（內(nèi)基本氏小體）: Negri body is pathognomonic for rabies virus infection. It is oval eosinophilic neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion measuring 310 micron in diameter. They are most consistenetly seen in the pyramidal cells of hippocampus and Purkinje cells of cerebellum.21. septicemia(敗血癥)：Septicemia is an acute generalized infection caused by the invasion into the blood stream of a pathogenic or an opportunistic organism. While staying persistently and multiplying rapidly in the blood stream, these organisms liberate toxins or metabolites which elicit general toxic symptoms and tissue damage of various organs.22. bacteriemia（菌血癥）：The bacteria enter the blood and multiply in it, but stay only a short time and don’t liberate toxins or metabolites which elicit general toxic symptoms and tissue damage of various organs. 23. pyemia（膿毒血癥）: The multiplying site of bacteria is also in the blood, but it is caused by pyogenic（化膿性的）grampositive cocci, metastatic lesions are always present, the symptoms are the same as septicemia.24. toxemia（毒血癥）: The bacteria only live and multiply in the local parts of the body, they don’t enter the blood stream, but the toxins and metabolites liberated by th
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