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如何解讀診斷性臨床試驗-文庫吧資料

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【正文】 niversity 復旦大學公共衛(wèi)生學院 Basic concepts Purpose of diagnostic tests Basic elements in design validity index predictive index other characteristics 復旦大學公共衛(wèi)生學院 Definition and Applications Definition: classify individuals as healthy or as having disease , based either on clinical observations or on laboratory techniques. Applications: ? screening of early stage diseases ? differential diagnosis ? prognosis 復旦大學公共衛(wèi)生學院 Diagnostic and screening tests diagnostic screening objects patients healthy or no symptons or signs purpose in response to a symptom ,sign or condition to identify illnesses at an early stage requirements accuracy high specificity fast ,convenient high sensitivity costs high low treatments treat when positive further tests when positive 復旦大學公共衛(wèi)生學院 Elements in design ?gold standard ? pathologic diagnosis(biopsy,autopsy) ? surgical discovery ? coronary arteriongraphy ? clinical follow up ?objects: ? patients: diagnosted by gold standard, representative, including the whole spectrum of the disease: all stages,types,severity,plications ? controls: including healthy people and people with other diseases 復旦大學公共衛(wèi)生學院 Elements in design ?Diagnostic indicator and judge criteria ? subjective indicator: chief plaint ? semiobjective indicator:judges from examiner ? objective indicator: indicators measured by instruments ?Blinding ?Sample size estimation 復旦大學公共衛(wèi)生學院 Validity Sensitivity: Se=a/(a+c) the proportion of people with the disease who have a positive test for the disease Specificity: Sp=d/(b+d) the proportion of people without the disease who have a negative test。 復旦大學公共衛(wèi)生學院 診斷界值選擇與權衡 當兩類人群界限重疊時,需要衡量靈敏度和特異度的權重 ?若靈敏度、特異度權重相同,即:只需使 Se+Sp最大 可通過 ROC曲線左上角的點來選擇 ROC曲線 ?若賦予敏感度、特異度不同權重,即:使 α Se+Sp最大 ?需考慮原則: ? 進一步確診試驗的繁簡程度 ? 誤診、 漏 診的 后果 ? 一定間隔期后再次檢查的可能性 ? 該病的患病率 ? 應考慮治療的需要 復旦大學公共衛(wèi)生學院 診斷試驗之間的比較及檢驗 ?計算 ROC曲線下面積,評估診斷試驗的分辨能力 ?面積越大,分辨能力越好 ?檢驗總體 ROC曲線下面積是否等于 ,若相等則診斷試驗無價值 ?比較多個試驗的 ROC曲線下面積,篩選出最佳診斷方案 ?面積大者為佳,需進行統(tǒng)計學檢驗 復旦大學公共衛(wèi)生學院 實際應用需考慮 ?成本效益 /效果分析( costbenefit/effect analysis) ?提高試驗效率的方法 ?并聯(lián)試驗 parallel test, 平行試驗 : 提高靈敏度 ?串聯(lián)試驗 serial test, 系列試驗:提高特異度 ?無金標準時 ?實際應用該
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