【正文】 of urban dwellers have moved to the suburban rings in search of cleaner air, greater privacy and a higher quality of life. ? 優(yōu)化 ： As many of urban dwellers have moved to the suburban rings in search of cleaner air, greater privacy and a higher quality of life, a new pattern of urban living has emerged in most big cities. 第五講 強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句 ? 一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的使用 ? 寫作中常使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句來表達(dá)突出重點(diǎn)的目的。 ? 例 2： That living together offers an excellent chance of cooperation is one inparable advantage. ? 優(yōu)化 ： One inparable advantage is that living together offers an excellent chance of cooperation. ? 分析：此句要說明與別人合住的“ One inparable advantage”是什么，但該句使用了掉尾句，將從句放在主句前面，使句子的意思表達(dá)不夠直接明了。掉尾句常用語強(qiáng)調(diào)或達(dá)到某種修飾效果。松散句常用來自然有序地陳述觀點(diǎn)或羅列事實(shí)。簡單句、并列句和主從復(fù)合句都有松散句和掉尾句之分。 ? 3. 轉(zhuǎn)換成“疑問詞 +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) ? 例 1： Nowadays college students pay more attention to how they should improve their English. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Nowadays college students pay more attention to how to improve their English. ? 分析：賓語從句的主語和主句主語一致，可將其 轉(zhuǎn)換成“疑問詞 +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) ，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達(dá)也更加簡單。 ? 1. 轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)名詞短語 ? 例 1： In the information age, more and more people are aware of the necessity that they broaden their horizons. ? 優(yōu)化 ： In the information age, more and more people are aware of the necessity of broadening their horizons. ? 分析： necessity后面的同位語從句顯得有點(diǎn)累贅，將其轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)名詞短語以后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達(dá)也更加簡單。 ? 三、非謂語動(dòng)詞和名詞性從句 ? 名詞性從句一般不能轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞短語，而只能轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)名詞和不定式短語。 ? 3. 轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式短語 ? 例 1： We must equip ourselves with knowledge and skills so that we could get the petitive advantage in the future jobhunting. ? 優(yōu)化 ： We must equip ourselves with knowledge and skills so as to get the petitive advantage in the future jobhunting. ? 分析：原句中的目的狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成 不定式短語 作狀語，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達(dá)也更加簡單。 ? 1. 轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞短語 ? 例 1： Students must learn to keep safe in public places while they take part in activities. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Students must learn to keep safe in public places while taking part in activities. ? 分析：時(shí)間狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，從句主謂之間又是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故可將該從句轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達(dá)也更加簡單。 ? 二、非謂語動(dòng)詞和狀語從句 ? 狀語從句一般也都可以用非謂語動(dòng)詞短語來代替。如果將第一個(gè)從句轉(zhuǎn)換成過去分詞短語作定語，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達(dá)也更加簡單。 ? 1. 轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞短語 ? 例 1： The law can punish those who produce or sell fake modities. ? 優(yōu)化 ： The law can punish those producing or selling fake modities. ? 分析：先行詞 those在從句中充當(dāng)主語，它與從句謂語動(dòng)詞 produce， sell之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故可以將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞短語，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達(dá)也更加簡單。 ? 一、非謂語動(dòng)詞和定語從句 ? 定語從句一般都可以用非謂語動(dòng)詞短語來代替。 ? 謂語動(dòng)詞包括：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。 我來練練 ? 1： Nowadays, public places forbid smoking. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Nowadays, smoking is forbidden in public places. ? 2： Those in favor of university marriage argue that people should give college students the right to get married. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Those in favor of university marriage argue that college students should be given the right to get married. 我來練練 ? 3： When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately. ? 優(yōu)化 ： When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, he was immediately surrounded by hundreds of reporters. ? 4： When people’s lives are threatened by firecrackers, they do bee bad things. ? 優(yōu)化 ： When firecrackers threaten people’s lives, they do bee bad things. 我來練練 ? 5： The government has started building various facilities and scientists has been encouraged by the government to work out effective measures which can bring back a healthful world. ? 優(yōu)化 ： The government has started building various facilities and has encouraged scientists to work out effective measures which can bring back a healthful world. 第三講 非謂語動(dòng)詞變換 ? 寫作中，片面追求復(fù)雜句式，反而會(huì)顯得華而不實(shí)，成為表達(dá)的累贅。 二、被動(dòng)變主動(dòng) ? 1. 需要體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 ? 例 1： Now how to improve their English is paid more attention to by college students. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Now college students pay more attention to how to improve their English. ? 分析：此處需要體現(xiàn)“ college students”的行為，因此采用主動(dòng)表達(dá)更恰當(dāng)。 ? 3. 保持陳述對(duì)象的一致，以求行文通順 ? 例 1： Computer may help scientists in analyzing data, while engineers make use of some puters in designing a plane. ? 優(yōu)化 ： Computer may help scientists in analyzing data, while they are made use of by engineers in designing a plane. ? 分析：原句中的主語是 puters，從句的主語則是 engineers，而 puters變成了賓語。 一、主動(dòng)變被動(dòng) ? 1. 不需要體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 ? 例 1： People think it necessary to ha