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自學考試旅游英語選讀試題[001]-文庫吧資料

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【正文】 sta Rica,________the principal destinations at present.A.be B.to be C.being D.beenⅡ.Reading prehension:(210=20)Directions:Read the following passages and make your proper choices.(1)Culture is the total sum of all the traditions,customs, beliefs,and ways of life of a given group of human beings.In this sense,every group has a culture, however savage,undeveloped,or uncivilized it may seem to be.To the professional anthropologist,there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic rank or hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage,undeveloped forms of speech,consisting largely of grunts and groans.While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans,it is a fact established by the study of“backward”languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today.Most languages of uncivilized groups are,by our most severe standards,extremely plex,delicate,and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas.They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound pattern of grammatical structures,which usually are fully adequate for all language needs,but only in their vocabularies,which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers.Even in this department,however, two things are to be noted.First,all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion,either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system.Second,the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in“backward”languages,while different from ours,are often surprisingly numerous and plicated.A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness(“this”and“that”);some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed,or out of sight,or in the past,or in the future.This study of language,in turn,casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.16.According to the author, to the professional linguists,_________.A.a(chǎn)ll languages came from grunts and groansB.a(chǎn)ll languages in the world are equal and independentC.Western cultures are better than Eastern culturesD.the superiority of one culture over another is difficult to explain17.We can infer that the author is________.A.a(chǎn) professional anthropologistB.a(chǎn) linguist as well as an anthropologistC.a(chǎn) language researcher from the WestD.a(chǎn) language researcher on“backward culture”18.The languages of backward groups fall behind those of the West in terms of the________.A.vocabulariesB.history and cultureC.machinery for vocabulary expansionD.sound patterns and grammatical structures19.According to the article,some languages of American Indians are________.A.too undeveloped to be understoodB.more civilized than Western languagesC.derived from their own remote systemD.a(chǎn)bl
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