【正文】 r experiments on temperature preferences in Singapore. ASHRAE Transactions 97(1), pp 874879.Donini, G., Molina, J., Martello, C., Ho Ching Lai, D., Ho Lai, K., Yu Chang, C., La Flamme, M., Nguyen, ., Haghihat, F. (1996), Field study of occupant fort and office thermal environments in a cold climate. Final report, ASHRAE 821 RP, ASHRAE Inc., Atlanta.Fang, L., Clausen, G., Fanger, . (1999), Impact of temperature and humidity on chemical and sensory emissions from building materials. Indoor Air, 9, pp 193201.Fanger, . (1970), Thermal fort. Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen, Denmark.Fouintain, . and Huizenga, C. (1997), A thermal sensation prediction tool for use by the profession. ASHRAE Transactions, 103(2), pp 130136.Humphreys, . (1978), Outdoor temperatures and fort indoors. Building Research and Practice, 6(2), pp 92105.Krogstad, ., Swanbeck, G., Barreg229。C and a relative humidity of 60% may give PMV=0, but the air quality would be perceived as stale and stuffy. A simultaneous request for high perceived air quality would require an air temperature of 2022186。南京工程學院 Nanjing Institute Of Technology畢業(yè)設計英文資料翻譯The Translation Of The English Material Of Graduation Design 學生姓名： 學 號 ： 000000000 Name: Number: 000000000 班 級： K暖通091 Class: KNuantong 091 所在學院： 康尼學院 College: Kangni College 專 業(yè)： 建筑環(huán)境與設備工程 Profession: Building Environment and Equipment Engineering 指導教師： Tutor: 2013年 02月 25日英文：Thermal fort in the future Excellence and expectationP. Ole Fanger and J248。rn ToftumInternational Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy Technical University of DenmarkAbstractThis paper predicts some trends foreseen in the new century as regards the indoor environment and thermal fort. One trend discussed is the search for excellence, upgrading present standards that aim merely at an “acceptable” condition with a substantial number of dissatisfied. An important element in this connection is individual thermal control. A second trend is to acknowledge that elevated air temperature and humidity have a strong negative impact on perceived air quality and ventilation requirements. Future thermal fort and IAQ standards should include these relationships as a basis for design. The PMV model has been validated in the field in buildings with HVAC systems that were situated in cold, temperate and warm climates and were studied during both summer and winter. In nonairconditioned buildings in warm climates occupants may sense the warmth as being less severe than the PMV predicts, due to low expectations. An extension of the PMV model that includes an expectancy factor is proposed for use in nonairconditioned buildings in warm climates. The extended PMV model agrees well with field studies in nonairconditioned buildings of three continents.Keywords: PMV, Thermal sensation, Individual control, Air quality, AdaptationA Search for ExcellencePresent thermal fort standards (CEN ISO 7730, ASHRAE 55) acknowledge that there are considerable individual differences between people’s thermal sensation and their disfort caused by local effects, . by air movement. In a collective indoor climate, the standards prescribe a promise that allows for a significant number of people feeling too warm or too cool. They also allow for air velocities that will be felt as a draught by a substantial percentage of the occupants.In the future this will in many cases be considered as insufficient. There will be a demand for systems that allow all persons in a space to feel fortable. The obvious way to achieve this is to move from the collective climate to the individually controlled local climate. In offices, individual thermal control of each workplace will be mon. The system should allow for individual control of the general thermal sensation without causing any draught or other local search for excellence involves providing all persons in a space with the means to feel thermally fortable without promise.Thermal Comfort and IAQPresent standards treat thermal fort and indoor air quality separately, indicating that they are independent of each other. Recent research documents that this is not true . The air temperature and humidity bined in the enthalpy have a strong impact on perceived air quality, and perceived air quality determines the required ventilation in ventilation standards. Research has shown that dry and cool air is perceived as being fresh and pleasant whil