【正文】
ning agent 早強(qiáng)水泥,加塑劑,加氣劑 curing 養(yǎng)護(hù) humidity and temperature 濕度與溫度 a wide range of properties, a wide variety of properties 許多特性 ******************************************** to a very substantial degree, to a very significant extent 很大程度上,很重要程度上 thoroughness 徹底性 place in the forms, be deposited and made to fill forms 澆注于模板中 substandard concrete, high early strength concrete, highstrength concrete, ordinary concrete 次品混凝土,早強(qiáng)混凝土,高強(qiáng) 混凝土,普通混凝土 proportioning, mixing, placing, curing 配比,混合,澆注,養(yǎng)護(hù) fire resistance, weather resistance 抗火性,耐候性 evident advantage 顯而易見的優(yōu)點 with the (possible) exception of … (cement) (可能 )例外的是 … ,除了 … 可能有例外, at low cost 以較低的價格 construction site 施工場地 pressive strength/stress/strain, tensile strength/stress/strain, flexure pressive force, tensile force, bending moment, shear force, torsion pression, tension, bending, shear, torsion 拉壓彎剪扭的幾種形式 be subject to … (loads), carry … (load) 承受 … (荷載 ),主動與被動兩種用法 cross section 橫截面 ******************************************** to offset this limitation 為了克服這一限制 to reinforce (v.) concrete 以加強(qiáng)混凝土 2 carrying capacity of the member 構(gòu)件的承載力 interlocking (n.), interlock (v.) 咬和的名詞與動詞形式 strength, stiffness, ductility 強(qiáng)度,剛度,延性 ******************************************** yield strength, representative value 屈服強(qiáng)度,代表值 long span 大跨 deformation, deflection, crack, corrosion 變形,撓度,裂縫,腐蝕 moisture, humidity 潮濕,濕度 This limits (v.) … , There are limits (n.) to … 這就限制了 … ,在 … 方面有所限制 ******************************************** Structural forms ******************************************** monolithic 整體的,單塊的 flared column top 柱帽 folded plate roof, cylinder cell roof 波浪板式屋頂,圓柱殼形屋頂 beam, girder 梁, (托 )梁 (鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中多會用到 ) behavior, performance 一般來說, (構(gòu)件的 )特性, (結(jié)構(gòu)的 )性能 cablestayed bridge, suspension bridge 斜拉橋,懸索橋 onedimensional, twodimensional, threedimensional (a.) 一維的,二維的 (有時寫為 2D),三維的 (有時寫為 3D) ******************************************** Loads ******************************************** … be divided into … categories … 分為 … 類 dead load, live load, environmental load, suspended load 恒載,活載,環(huán)境荷載,吊掛荷載 magnitude, location, distribution (荷載的 )幅值,作用位置,分布 the weight of the structure 結(jié)構(gòu)的自重 with good accuracy, with precision 準(zhǔn)確的,精確的 ******************************************** Floor, roof, slab, ceiling 樓面 , 屋頂,樓板,天花板 … be specified in the building code … 在規(guī)范中有具體規(guī)定 uniformly distributed load/ uniform load, concentrated load 均布荷載,集中荷載 minimum load, minimum value, average value, mean value 最小荷載,最小值,平均值,均值(概率論及隨機(jī)) on the premise that… 在 … 的前提下 table (n.), tabulated 表格,制表 ******************************************** Snow load, wind load (including wind pressure and suction), earthquake effect (sometimes earthquake load), soil pressure, repair load 雪荷載,風(fēng)荷載 (包括風(fēng)壓力與風(fēng)吸力 ),地震作用 (有時仍見到“地震荷載”這一說法 ),土壓力,檢修荷載 temperature differential 溫度差異 for instance/for example 舉例來說 to give much more detailed information 給出更相信的信息 upper limit, lower limit 上限,下限 … summarize… 3 … 總結(jié)為 … … information pertaining to … 關(guān)于 … 的信息 horizontal force, lateral load 水平力,橫向荷載 height of the structure, importance of the structure 結(jié)構(gòu)的高度,結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性 to account for… 解釋了 … elastic, inelastic 彈性,彈塑性(有時用 elastoplastic) static analysis, dynamic analysis 靜力分析,動力分析 (ground, floor) acceleration, velocity, displacement (地面,樓板 )加速度,速度,位移 mass, stiffness, damping 質(zhì)量,剛度,阻尼 base shear 基底剪力 soil condition, the condition of the site 土壤條件,場地土條件 ******************************************** Serviceability, strength, and structural safety ******************************************** safety, serviceability, durability 安全性,適用性,耐久性 collapse 倒塌 … , if any, … … , 如果有 (的話 ), … tolerable limits 允許誤差 be predicted accurately 準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)計 differ from… , be different from… 與 … 不同的兩種形式 assumption, simplification 假定,簡化 progress has been made toward … 在 … 方面的進(jìn)展 random variable, probability model, probability density function, statistic data, mean value 隨機(jī)變量,概率模型,概率密度函數(shù),統(tǒng)計量,均值 abscissa, horizontal axis 橫坐標(biāo),水平坐標(biāo)軸 shaded area 陰影面積 a plot of … may appear as in Fig. 1, … is shown in … 圖如圖 1 所示, … 如圖 1 所示 be less than … 小于或少于 where a is … , b is … , and c is … / in which a is … , b is … , and c is … (此句一般跟于公式下面)該式中 a 是 … , b是 … , c是 … 。 ******************************************** Design basis ******************************************** resist … load/force 抗 … 荷載 /力 margin, margin of safety 富余,安全余度 the life of the structure/the lifetime of the structure 結(jié)構(gòu)的壽命 without failure, close to failure, at failure 不破壞,接近破壞,破壞時 strength design, allowable stress, service load design 強(qiáng)度設(shè)計,許用應(yīng)力法,服務(wù)荷載設(shè)計 nonlinear, inelastic 非線性,彈塑性 initial elastic range, initial elastic state 初始 彈性區(qū),初始彈性狀態(tài) elastic domain, yield domain 彈性范圍,屈服范圍 nominal strength 名義強(qiáng)度 acceptable value 許用值 4 serviceability, workability 適用性,和易行 result from… 由 … 得來 within specified limits 在規(guī)定限值內(nèi) as long as … 只要 … inelastic stressstrain behavior, inelastic stressstrain relationship 彈塑性應(yīng)力 應(yīng)變特性,彈塑性應(yīng)力 應(yīng)變關(guān)系 be adjusted to … 調(diào)整為 … exclusive, inclusive 專有的,包括的 ******************************************** 轉(zhuǎn)折類連詞 however, on the other hand, in contrast 并列類連詞 as an alternative to … , also, hence, thus, in addition, furthermore **************************************************************************************** 2. Prestressed Concrete . Introduction prestressing, prestress force/prestressing force (P 26), prestressing steel, prestressed concrete 預(yù)應(yīng)力 (法 ),預(yù)應(yīng)力,預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋,預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 economic structure 經(jīng)濟(jì)型結(jié)構(gòu) improved method, modifie