【正文】 ection, chronic carrier. (3) Epidemiological features: age, sex, season。 7 Pattern of Infection in Developed Countries In 20th century, fall in the incidence of municable diseases in developed countries due to factors such as : Immunization antimicrobial chemotherapy improved nutrition and better sanitation and housing. 8 Reemergence of old infectious disease ◆ (Tuberculosis) ◆ (Viral hepatitis) ◆ (Sexually transmitted diseases) ◆ others: cholera、 charcoal 9 Reemergence of old infectious disease ? 2 million death of TB in the worldwide annually ? 7～ 8 million infected by TB in the worldwide annually ? March 24,for World TB Day 10 Emerging infectious diseases WHO information near 30 years, about 30 kinds of infectious diseases discovered in the worldwide “ Emerging infectious diseases” 11 Emerging infectious diseases ? 40 million of HIV/AIDS cases worldwide ? HIV infection rates: 11 cases/minute 16000persons/per day 6 million persons/annually。1 Department of Infectious Diseases Third hospital, Sun Yetsen University Gao zhiliang GENERAL PRICIPLES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2 SINGNIFECANCE AND IMPORTANCE 3 History review ? In 14th century, Plague in European ,20 million people death； ? In 17~18th century, smallbox in European ，150 million people death； ?In 1918, flu in the worldwide， 40 million people death。 4 In 1905,Nobel gainer of physiology and medicine award Robert Koch (Germany) Koch discovered tubculosis bacilii 5 In 1945,Nobel gainer of physiology and medicine award Alexander Fleming(Scotland) In 1928年， Fleming Discorvered Penicillin Into antibiotics era 6 WHO reports： ? Among 52 million of death in the worldwide annually, 17 million(32%) of death from infectious diseases and parasite ? In developing country， a half of death by infectious diseases； ? About 15 million of death by infectious diseases per hour in the worldwide， most occurred in developing country。 ? 95% in developing country ? Maximal nation :Africa, infection rate about 10% ? for World AIDS Day 12 Emerging infectious diseases ? SARS （ SARS—CoV） ? From to ， SARS spreaded 6 continent, 32 countries， cases of 8437，death of 916 ? In china, cases of 5327， death of 349 ? SARS: most serious emerging infectious diseases in 21 century 13 Emerging infectious diseases Avian influenza H5N1 virus H1N1 VIRUS 14 Antibiotics ? Antibiotics, within the last 60 years, ? Resulted in the cure of many previously lethal infections ? Only several years , drugresistant emerged. pathogenic staphylococci were found to have the ability to produce enzymes (penicillinases) that destroyed penicillin, thus rendering the drug useless against these strains ? Overuse and misuse make them useless. 15 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES INFECTION AND IMMUNITY PATHOGENESIS EPIDEMIOLOGY DIAGLOSIS TREATMENT PROVENTION PROFILE 16 CONCEPT OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ? Caused by pathogens: virus、 chlamydia、 richettsia、prion、 bacteria、 spirochete、 fungus and parasite（helminth、 protozoa） or medical insect ? Infectious disease: involve any an or system of the body and thus embraces all medical disciplines. ? Communicability which differentiates infections from noninfectious diseases. Transmission of pathogenic anisms to other people, directly or indirectly, may lead to an epidemic. 17 Infection and immunity 18 ? 一 . Concept of infection The course of struggle between pathogens and human or animal bodies (host). ? Absolutely necessary condition 19 ? Commensals ? opportunistic infection ? Primary infection ? Repeated infection ? Mixed infection ? Superinfection ? Secondary infection