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tribution curves Measurement of MWD ? Theories ? Reactions: terminal analysis ? Thermodynamics of dilute solutions: colligative properties (boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure) ? Kiics: ultracentrifugal sedimentation, viscosity, volume exclusion ? Optical properties: scattering Measurement of MWD Principles of Gel Chromatography ? High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) ? Gel Chromatography ? Separation Mechanisms HPLC ? Definition ? High Performance Liquid Chromatography ? Also called high pressure liquid chromatography ① Small particles of stationary phase: 10 μm ② High pressure injection pumps ③ Automatic detectors HPLC ? Classification ? Adsorption chromatography ① Stationary phase: absorbents ② Adsorption of mobile phase ③ Gradient elution ④ Applications: additives in polymers HPLC ? Classification ? Distribution chromatography ① Liquidliquid chromatography ② Normal phase LLC / Reverse phase LLC: polarity ③ Bonded stationary phase HPLC ? Classification ? Ionexchange chromatography ① Stationary phase: ionexchange resin ② Applications: amino acids, proteins HPLC ? Classification ? Gel chromatography ① Stationary phase: por