【正文】 erican Law Institutea group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose remendations carry substantial weightissued new guidelines for tort law stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. [參考譯文 ] 與此同時，美國法律研究所 由一群法官、律師和理論專家組成，他 們的建議分量極重 發(fā)布了新的民事傷害法令指導方針，宣稱公司不 必提醒顧客注意顯而易見的危險，也不必連篇累牘地一再提請他們注意 一些可能會出現(xiàn)的危險。 in at least a few cases the continentmay break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. [參考譯文 ] 缺 54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessarythe dangers of drug interactions, for exampleand many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn39。s interior. [參考譯文 ] 攜帶這些大陸板塊的相對運動已經(jīng)能夠被詳細地表述出來，但是這些板 塊相對于另一些板塊的運動還不能輕易地解釋為它們相對于地球內(nèi)部 的運動。 on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. [參考譯文 ] 跟世界上的大多數(shù)火山不同的是，它們 (熱點 )并不總是在由構(gòu)成地球 表面巨大漂流板塊之間的邊界上出現(xiàn)；相反，它們中有許多位于一個板 塊較縱深的內(nèi)部。s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth39。s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states. [參考譯文 ] 結(jié)果，加利福尼亞的人口增長率在 20世紀 70年代時下降到了 18． 5％一 一稍高于 60年代增長率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。s growth rate dropped during the 197039。 49. Often they chooseand still are choosingsomewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State. [參考譯文 ] 他們常常選擇 現(xiàn)在依然這樣選擇 居住在那些氣候較為寒 冷的地 區(qū)， 比如俄勒岡、愛達荷，還有阿拉斯加，為的是逃避煙霧、犯罪， 以及 金州 (加利福尼亞 )城市化進程中的其他問題。s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation39。厄爾里西認為，科學真正的敵人 是那些對支持全球變暖、臭氧層損耗以及工業(yè)發(fā)展的其他后果的證據(jù)提 出置疑的人。 47. The 39。 45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as The Flight from and Reason , held in New York City in 1995, and Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo. [參考譯文 ] 科學衛(wèi)士們在會議上也表述了他們的關(guān)注，比如 1995 年在紐約市舉行的 逃離科學與理性 會議，以及去年 6月在布法羅附近召 開的 (錯誤 ) 信息時代的科學 會議。 44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many panies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to longterm profitability. [參考譯文 ] 他的同事邁克爾 43. New ways of anizing the workplaceall that reengineering and downsizingare only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training, [參考譯文 ] 企業(yè)重組的新方法 所有那些重新設計、縮小規(guī)模的做法 只是對 一個經(jīng)濟的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一方面的貢獻。一些經(jīng)濟學家認為世界經(jīng)濟 結(jié)構(gòu)的強有力的變化已經(jīng)結(jié)束了那個以經(jīng)濟增長和通貨膨脹的歷史關(guān)聯(lián) 為基礎的舊的經(jīng)濟模式。s, have little productive slack. [參考譯文 ] 經(jīng)濟學家們對英國和美國的有利的通貨膨脹數(shù)據(jù)尤其感到驚訝，因為傳 統(tǒng)的計量方法顯示兩國的經(jīng)濟，特別是美國的經(jīng)濟，幾乎沒有生產(chǎn)蕭條 的時候。沒有什么比這更遠離實際 情況的了。他的兒子是紐 約州布朗克 斯的一個教師，并用說唱音樂與學生們進行溝通。 meeting, Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society39。, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be... [參考譯文 ] 對任何一個民主社會的考驗， 他在《華爾街雜志》的一個專欄文章中 寫到，不在于它能夠多有效地控制各種意見的表達，而在于這個社會是 否能給予思考和表達的盡可能廣泛的自由，不管有時候這種結(jié)果是多么 的富有爭議或令人不快… 38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month39。 35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. [參考譯文 ] 對藥品的依賴性首先表現(xiàn)為不斷增長的耐藥量，要產(chǎn)生想得到的效果所 需要的藥品劑量越來越大，然后表現(xiàn)為當停止用藥后，令人不快的停藥 癥狀的出現(xiàn)。然而人們常常得出這樣的觀察意見，這 使得它值得被討論一下。 33. There are, of course, exceptions. Smallminded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves ment. [參考譯文 ] 當然，例外是存在的。但是大勢已定，不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. [參考譯文 ] 經(jīng)過了六個月的爭論以及最后 16 個小時激烈的議會辯論，澳大利亞北 部地區(qū)成了世界上第一個允許醫(yī)生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立 法當局。 而它確實是這樣的 而且如果理性成為神造論／地化 論之間的辯論中的惟一評判標準的話，一切就都好辦了。杰伊他描述了他 們的活動和戰(zhàn)術(shù)，而且，對于那些對神造論者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人來 說，神造論者的欺騙和扭曲事實的程度可能會令這些人有一種不快的詫 異。法歐特曾經(jīng)這樣寫到： 一個技師會坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、 輪子等等當中，就像一個詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成 自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達了 種新 的思想。這些東西在他的思維中是通過一種視覺的、 非語言表述的過程宋處理的……設計者和發(fā)明者……能夠在他們的腦中 裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置。 26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist. [參考譯文 ] 正如尤金s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that weled the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors。而在現(xiàn)在正在消失的古 老家族公司的那種更加家長式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對他們的工人有 這樣的私人關(guān)系。 23. The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the pany in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. [參考譯文 ] 這樣的 股東 對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需 求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關(guān)系都不會產(chǎn)生積極的影響。 meeting to dictate their orders to the management. [參考譯文 ] 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)是為了給那些數(shù)量很多的 舒 適 階級提供居住場所。 21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. [參考譯文 ] 這樣巨大而非個人的對資金和產(chǎn)業(yè)的操縱極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他 們作為一個階級的重要性，這是國家生活中代表不負責任