【正文】
范圍最直接、最準(zhǔn)確的指標(biāo),受外部因素影響小,只要確定某處煤層的溫度場及其分布,就能分析給定煤層的自燃程度和范圍。 本系統(tǒng)具有很好的適應(yīng)性,稍加改造也可應(yīng)用于其它需要無線遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控的場合,對(duì)安全監(jiān)控,工業(yè)測控、環(huán)境監(jiān)測等領(lǐng)域均有借鑒價(jià)值。 采用 ZigBee 技術(shù)和 GPRS 技術(shù)的煤田火災(zāi)無線自組網(wǎng)鉆孔溫度遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)則能提供現(xiàn)場的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測和預(yù)警, 能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn) ZigBee 技術(shù)和 GPRS 技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ),實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度信息短距離采集與數(shù)據(jù)的遠(yuǎn)程傳輸相結(jié)合,改變了傳統(tǒng)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)需要依托有線公共網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)南拗疲线h(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)理念,大大 節(jié)省了系統(tǒng)的成本, 而且兼容性和擴(kuò)展性好, 可以提高國內(nèi)煤礦安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的水平,也可以使煤礦優(yōu)選安全生產(chǎn)方案,科學(xué)、合理地進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)管理和事故預(yù)防工作, 對(duì)促進(jìn)煤礦安全監(jiān)控預(yù)警技術(shù)的發(fā)展十分必要。因此,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用于環(huán)境監(jiān)測具有實(shí)際的工程應(yīng)用前景 [6]。它可應(yīng)用于布線和電源供給困難的區(qū)域、人員不能到達(dá)的區(qū)域(如受到嚴(yán)重污染的區(qū)域、環(huán)境被破壞的區(qū)域或敵對(duì)區(qū)域)和一些臨時(shí)場合(如發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害時(shí),固定通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)被破壞)等。它綜合了嵌入式計(jì)算技術(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)融合技術(shù)、分布式信息處理技術(shù)等前沿科技成果。隨著技術(shù)的逐步發(fā)展,煤礦對(duì)于實(shí)用、高效、靈活、美觀的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)要求越來越高,而無線通信技術(shù)可以在現(xiàn)場靈活應(yīng)用,零安裝鋪設(shè)費(fèi)用,以及更高的安全性和可靠性等優(yōu)勢,它的應(yīng)用可以滿足煤礦對(duì)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)用、高效、靈活、美觀的需求。 現(xiàn)有的煤田火災(zāi)溫度監(jiān)測主要是人工測溫法,測溫法由于是點(diǎn)接觸,預(yù)測預(yù)報(bào)范圍小,安裝、維護(hù)工作量大、不能提供實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測和預(yù)警 ,特別是探頭、引線極易破壞,在西安科技大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 2 實(shí)際應(yīng)用中受到技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的限制,不宜大面積探火采用,不能很好的滿足煤礦安全生產(chǎn)的要求。隨著我國大型露天煤礦的不斷開發(fā),露天礦的煤層自燃火災(zāi)已成為礦山重大自然災(zāi)害之一。因煤層自燃每年向大氣排放 CO 萬 t, SO2 萬 t, NO2 30 萬t,粉塵 萬 t,排放 CO2和 H2S 等有害氣體,造成低空空氣有害物質(zhì)嚴(yán)重超標(biāo),形成大范圍的酸雨,助長地球的溫室效應(yīng)。從 1994 年起,科技部、煤炭部和歐洲共同體合作進(jìn)行了 “ 中國北方煤田自燃環(huán)境監(jiān)測 ” 勘測研究,我國學(xué)者指出中國煤層自燃主要分布于新疆、甘肅、青海、寧夏、陜西、山西、內(nèi)蒙古等 7 個(gè)省、自治區(qū),潛在燃燒 面積多達(dá) 720km2,正在燃燒的火區(qū)已燒掉煤炭 億 t,每年直接 燃燒損失 煤炭1360 萬 t,間接損失的優(yōu)質(zhì)煤炭多達(dá) 2 億 t。煤田火災(zāi)分布很廣,遍布南北半球,不僅中國有,而且在印度、美國、俄羅斯、 澳大利亞、印度尼西亞、中亞等國家和地區(qū)都普遍存在。由于煤層的自然發(fā)火,導(dǎo)致我國形成大面積的煤田自燃火區(qū)。在礦井火災(zāi)中,自然發(fā)火約占 70%,發(fā)生的頻率較高,全國國有煤礦中有 56%的礦井存在煤層自然發(fā)火危險(xiǎn)。國家發(fā)改委在《 能源 發(fā)展 “ 十一五 ” 規(guī)劃》中提出 “ 2020 年中國煤炭消費(fèi)量占一次 能源 消費(fèi)總量的 %” [1]。 1 緒論 1 1 緒論 研究的背景及意義 煤炭作為中國工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的主要 能源 基礎(chǔ),對(duì)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起著舉足輕重的作用。 ZigBee; GPRS。 Wireless Adhoc Networks。 關(guān) 鍵 詞: 煤田火災(zāi) ; 無線自組網(wǎng) ; 遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控 ; ZigBee; GPRS; Inter 研究類型: 應(yīng)用研究 Subject : Development Research on the Remote Monitoring System of the Wireless Adhoc Networks Borehole Temperature for Coalfield Fire Specialty : Safety Technology and Engineering Name : Wang Weifeng ( Signature) Instructor : Deng Jun ( Signature) ABSTRACT Coalfield fire is widely distributed around the world, from China, India, America, Russia, Australia, Indonesia, Central Asia and other countries and regions. Due to the special geographical location and climatic conditions, the coalfield spontaneous bustion in China is among the most serious countries in the world. It is estimated that the economic losses of China39。同時(shí)亦可檢驗(yàn)煤田火災(zāi)治理效果,對(duì)煤礦優(yōu)選安全生產(chǎn)方案,科學(xué)、合理地進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)管理和事故預(yù)防工作起到了重要作用。本系統(tǒng)將ZigBee 技術(shù)和 GPRS 技術(shù)相結(jié)合,實(shí)現(xiàn)了煤田火區(qū)鉆孔溫度數(shù)據(jù)短距離采集與數(shù)據(jù)的遠(yuǎn)程傳輸,解決了目前煤田火災(zāi)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控的難題,節(jié)省了系統(tǒng)的成本。 本文根據(jù)煤田火災(zāi)鉆孔溫度監(jiān)測的實(shí)際需求,設(shè)計(jì)了集 ZigBee 技術(shù)、 GPRS 技術(shù)、Inter 技術(shù)、嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)控制技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)于一體的煤田火災(zāi)無線自組網(wǎng)鉆孔溫度遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。由于煤田發(fā)火區(qū)域有隱蔽性、著火點(diǎn)分散、被測點(diǎn)多、距離遠(yuǎn)等特點(diǎn),使得對(duì)煤田火災(zāi)的預(yù)防、監(jiān)控和治理非常困難。據(jù)初步估算,我國煤田火災(zāi)每年至少造成 200 億元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。 論文題目:煤田火災(zāi)無線自組網(wǎng)鉆孔溫度遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)研究 專 業(yè):安全技術(shù)及工程 碩 士 生: (簽名) 指導(dǎo)教師: (簽名) 摘 要 煤田火災(zāi)分布很廣,遍布南北半球,不僅中國有,而且印度、美國、俄羅斯、澳大利亞、印度尼西亞、中亞等國家和地區(qū)都普遍存在。中國由于特殊的 地理位置和氣候條件,成為世界上煤田自燃災(zāi)害最為嚴(yán)重的國家?,F(xiàn)有的煤田火災(zāi)溫度監(jiān)測主要是人工測溫法,測溫法由于是點(diǎn)接觸,預(yù)測預(yù)報(bào)范圍小,安裝、維護(hù)工作量大、不能提供實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測和預(yù)警,特別是探頭、引線極易破壞,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中受到技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的限制,不宜大面積探火采用,不能很好的滿足煤礦安全生產(chǎn)的要求。無線自組網(wǎng)技術(shù)、移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)與溫度傳感器相結(jié)合 的監(jiān)測方法,是近幾年來一個(gè)新的發(fā)展趨勢,改變了傳統(tǒng)溫度傳感器系統(tǒng)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),適應(yīng)更多溫度測量的應(yīng)用場合。本文給出了系統(tǒng)的整體組成框架,對(duì)系統(tǒng)的功能和性能需求、工作原理和工作方式進(jìn)行了分析,設(shè)計(jì)了無線測溫終端、ZigBeeGPRS 網(wǎng)關(guān)的硬件和軟件及上位機(jī)監(jiān)控中心系統(tǒng),描述了監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用環(huán)境,給出了現(xiàn) 場布置方法,論述了系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控機(jī)制,分析了工業(yè)現(xiàn)場的應(yīng)用效果。工業(yè)現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用表明本系統(tǒng)通訊距離滿足大規(guī)模煤田火災(zāi)的監(jiān)測需求,具有高的可靠性,能方便的實(shí)現(xiàn)煤田火災(zāi)監(jiān)測的自動(dòng)化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。因此,該遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的研究對(duì)煤田火災(zāi)的預(yù)測和火源探測技術(shù)的發(fā)展具有實(shí)際指導(dǎo) 的重要意義。s coalfield fire is at least RMB 200 billion per year. The existing temperature monitoring technique of the coalfield fire is mainly by means of artificial monitoring. As temperature monitoring possesses the shortings of pointcontact, small forecast range, heavy workload of installation and maintenance, failing to provide realtime monitoring and early warning, especially the easy damage of probe and lead, it is restricted in practical applications due to technical and economic constraints, which leads to the infeasibility of widely used for fire detection, hence it can not be well positioned to meet the requirements of coal mine production safety. The Characters of spontaneously busted coalfield, such as invisibility, scattered ignition points, remote distance and other characteristics, make coalfield fire prevention, monitoring and control extremely difficult. The monitoring method of the Wireless ad hoc work technology, mobile munication technology, Inter technology bined with the temperature sensor is a new development trend in recent years. It has changed the topology of the traditional temperature sensor system to meet the additional applications of the temperature measurement. According to actual demands of the coalfield fire borehole temperature monitoring, the system integrates ZigBee technology, GPRS technology, Inter technology, embedded puter control technology, sensor technology, data acquisition technology and database technology in one. The present gived a framework of the overall system position, the function and required performance, the working principle and method of the system, designed the hardware and software of the wireless temperature measurement terminal, ZigBeeGPRS gateway and host puter control center system, described the application environment of the monitoring system and the layout method in engineering, discussed the monitoring mechanism of the system, and analyzed effect of the system in practical industrial engineering. The system integrates the advantages of both ZigBee and GPRS technology. It realized the coalfield fire area temperature Shortrange acquisition of the data and remote transmitting of the data, solved the present difficult problem of monitoring remote coalfield fires. The application of system in practical engineering shows that the munication range of the system meets the needs of largescale coalfield fire monitoring with high reliability. The system can easily achieve the automation and work of coalfield fire is very important for checking out the effect of the coalfield fire controll