【正文】 aces, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may e as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior. Kitcher is philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The nonspecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself. And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate. 9701 It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia39。 subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term. 9605 Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher39。t broke, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it? Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The mercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government39。t broke, don39。s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publiclyfunded broadcasting anisation, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nationwide debate in Britain. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC — including ordinary listeners and viewers — to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC39。s news coverage, as well as listen to it. And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station. They are brought sport, edy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children39。 and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden fetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to fet can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one39。s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B39。s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: How e nobody thought of that before? The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the bestknown and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 9504 Personality is to a large extent inherent — Atype parents usually bring about Atype offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if petition is important to the parents, it is likely to bee a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly petitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children pete against their classmates or against the clock produces a twolayer system, in which petitive Atypes seem in some way better than their Btype fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: Rejoice, we conquer! By far the worst form of petition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of petition by examination are somewhat questionable, but petition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B39。s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who