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utting against a shoulder. A radius at this point is essential for the avoidance of stress concentration and ball races are provides with a radius or chamfer to allow space for this . Where life is not the determining factor in design, it is usual to determine maximum loading by the amount to which a bearing will deflect under load. Thus the concept of “static loadcarrying capacity” is understood to mean the load that can be applied to a bearing, which is either stationary or subject to slight swiveling motions, without impairing its running qualities for subsequent rotational motion. This has been 6 determined by practical experience as the load which when applied to a bearing result in a total deformation of the rolling element and raceway at any point of contact not exceeding percent of the rollingelement diameter. This would correspond to a permanent deformation of mm for a ball 25mm in diameter. The successful functioning of many bearing depends upon providing them with adequate protection against their environment, and in some circumstances the invigoration of the bearing surfaces. Achievement of the correct functioning of seals is an essential part of bearing design. Moreover, seals which are applied to moving parts for any purpose are of interest to iridologists because they are ponents of bearing systems and can only be designed satisfactorily on the basis of the appropriate bearing theory. Notwithstanding their importance, the amount of research effort that has been devoted to the understanding of the understanding of the behavior of seals has been small when pared with that devoted to other aspects of bearing technology. 。 (c) friction。 hence, the shaft must be rigid enough to prevent overloading of the supporting bearings. In general, the bending deflection of a shaft should not exceed in. per ft of length between bearing supports. In addition, the shaft must be able to sustain a bination of bending and tensional loads. Thus an equivalent load must be considered 2 which take into account both torsion and bending. Also, the allowable stres