【正文】 1人，后視 1人。 （ 2） 注意應用國家控 制點及其三維坐標 在用坐標法測點前，盡量找到國家控制點和這些控制點的三維坐標，通過和這些控制點的聯(lián)測，不僅可以檢驗自己的測量精度，而且在誤差允許范圍內(nèi)可以通過這些坐標進行平差，使測量精確度更高。 關鍵詞： 全站儀 ， 公路 ， 測量 ， 技巧 全站儀在導線測量中的應用 （ 1） 全站儀坐標法的優(yōu)點 采用全站儀測點可直接用坐標法，而不需要極坐標法，使儀器操作員從繁重的數(shù)據(jù)計算中解脫出來現(xiàn)在外業(yè)幾乎不用記錄，只是簡單記一下點號和點與點之間的關系，以備內(nèi)業(yè)整理時參考，也不必配備記錄計算員。 when the hole wall is not easy to collapse, not more than 20cm. For the post, in water or shoot the breeze, sediment thickness less than 5cm. Hole cleaning method is to use different and flexible application of drilling rig. Usually you can use normal circulation rotary drilling rig, reverse circulation rotary machine vacuum suction machine and slay pumping cylinder hole cleaning. The mud suction machine hole cleaning, required equipment, convenient operation, hole cleaning is thorough, but unstable in the soil should be used cautiously. Its principle is to use pressor generates high pressure air into a suction dredge pipeline will mud blowing. (7) pouring underwater concrete After finishing hole, can be prefabricated reinforcement cage banging vertically into the hole, positioning to be fixed, and then using a perfusion catheter concrete, pouring concrete don’t interrupt, or prone to the phenomenon of broken pile. Effect of bored pile bearing performance factors In the construction process, construction machinery, due to geological effects, often caused by pile soil ( weak layers ), the thickness of ~, thick and up to 1m. Especially in soft soil with mud, drilling, hole bottom sediment is inevitable。 6 Bored pile Summary： Drill ( flushing, dig ) pile from the nieen sixties, beginning in Henan province Nanyang region since the development application, because of its many advantages, has been widely used in soft soil, loess, including soil, expansive soil and other special types of foundation and industrial, civil, municipal, railway, highway, port and other types of Engineering ,practice. And precast pile, bored pile construction of no noise, no vibration, on the surrounding buildings and small environmental impact, pile diameter, buried deep, large bearing capacity. China’s drilling pile maximum diameter of pile has reached 4000mm, maximum deep pile has reached 104m, and the steel pipe pile maximum diameter of 1200mm, the largest pile of prestressed concrete pipe pile with deep 83m,maximum diameter of 1300mm, the biggest pile depth 40m. Along with our country socialist construction is booming, with highrise buildings, large span bridges on the rise, the bearing capacity of pile foundation with higher requirements. Large diameter bored pile therefore gets rapid development, pile length and pile diameter also do bigger more. However, in the existing various methods of pile, bored pile has many advantages and is widely used in construction, but it is hard to avoid the impact of mud, which not only reduces the bearing capacity of pile expectations, but also caused a serious waste of materials. Manual hole digging of pile is difficult to achieve greater depth, its bearing capacity is also difficult to just as one wishes. In view of bored pile in this situation, how to improve the pile construction technology level, make the input material to be more reasonable to use, so as to greatly increase the bearing capacity of single pile in engineering field, have bee hot issues in recent years. introduction of bored castinplace pile Perfusion pile refers to the construction site by mechanical drilling, steel pipe soil paction or human mining method in the foundation pile hole in form, and on its inner placed reinforcement cage, concrete made with different pile, drilling method, grouting pile can be divided again for castinplace pile, bored pile and digging several types of piles. Bored pile by pile into the definition and classification of a kind of pile. characteristics of bored castinplace pile 7 1) And sinking pile of hammering method, construction noise and vibration is smaller 2) To construct than the precast pile of large diameter of pile 3) In all kinds of ground can be used 4) The construction quality of the pile bearing capacity influence 5) Because the concrete is in the mud perfusion is difficult to control, so the quality of concrete pile construction method Percussion drilling, punching grabbing drilling and rotary drilling hole can adopt slurry wall construction method. The construction process is: site formation, slurry preparation, buried tube and laying work platform rig and positioning, drilling, hole cleaning and inspection of hole quality and lower steel cage, underwater concrete perfusion to pull out the barrel to check quality. Construction sequence: (1) the construction preparation Construction preparation prise: selecting drill, drill, layout. Construction of bored pile drilling rig is the main equipment, according to the geological conditions and various drilling machine applied to select conditions (2) drilling machine installation and positioning Installation of drilling machine based if not stable, easy to produce in the drilling machine construction, pile and pile inclined inclined eccentric and other adverse effects, therefore requires the installation of foundation stability. On the formation of softer, sloping ground, be bulldozed, the pad plate or tie reinforcement. In order to prevent the pile position allowed, construction is very important to the set the center position and the correct installation of drilling machine, the rig drilling machine, first use of the power drill and near the cage with the drill pipe, moving roughly position, and then Jack rack jacking, accurate positioning, so that the lifting pulley, drill bit or fixed drill hole cards and casing center in a vertical line, in other to ensure the verticality of the drilling rig. Drilling position deviat