【正文】 and thereupon I proceeded to 。 but not so great, if the bad man lives only a very shorttime. These are the truths which, if I am not mistaken, you willpersuade or c ompel your poets to utter with suitable acpaniments ofharmony and rhythm, and in these they must train up your youth. Am Inot right? For I plainly declare that evils as they are termed aregoods to the unjust, and only evils to the just, and that goods aretruly good to the good, but evil to the evil. Let me ask again, Areyou and I agreed about this? Cle. I think that we partly agree and partly do not. Ath. When a man has health and wealth and a tyranny which lasts, andwhen he is preeminent in strength and courage, and has th e gif t ofimmortality, and none of the socalled evils which counterbalancethese goods, but only the injustice and insolence of his own natureofsuch an one you are, I suspect, unwilling to believe that he ismiserable rather than happy. Cle. That is quite true. Ath. Once more: Suppose that he be valiant and strong, andhandsome and rich, and does throughout his whole life whatever helikes, still, if he be unrighteous and insolent, would not both of youagre e that he will of necessity live basely? You will surely grantso much? Cle. Certainly. Ath. And an evil life too? Cle. I am not equally disposed to grant that. Ath. Will he not live painfully and to his own disadvantage? Cle. How can I possibly say so? Ath. How! Then may Heaven make us to be of one mind, for now weare of tw o. To me, dear Cleinias, the truth of what I am saying isas plain as the fact that Crete is an island. And, if I were alawgiver, I would try to ma ke the poets and all the citizens spea kin this strain, and I would inflict the heaviest penalties on anyone in all the land who should dare to say that there are bad menwho lead pleasant lives, or that the profitable and gainful is ohing, and the just another。 or, again, to be a tyrant and do as youlike 。 and letno other thing that is called good ever be his. For the goods of whichthe many speak are not really good: f irst in the catalogue is placedhealth, beauty next, wealth third。and, on the other hand, if he have a wealth passing that of Cinyras orMidas, and be unjust, he is wretched and lives in misery? As thepoet says, and with truth: I sing not, I care not about him whoacplishes all noble things, not having justice。 and hence there occurreda misapprehension on your part. For when evils are far gone andirremediable, the task of censuring them is never pleasant, althoughat times necessary. But as we do not really differ, will you let meask you whether you consider such institutions to be more prevalentamong the Cretans and Lacedaemonians than among the other Hellenes? Cle. Certainly they are. Ath. And if they were extended to the other Hellenes, would it be animprovement on the present state of things? Cle. A very great improvement, if the customs which prevail amongthem were such as prevail among us and the Lacedaemonians, and such asyou were just now saying ought to prevail. Ath. Let us see whether we understand one another:Are not theprinciples of education and music which prevail among you asfollows: you pel your poets to say that the good man, if he betemperate and just, is fortunate and happy。 and these pleasures are so farfrom being the same, as you describe the Egyptian to be, or having thesame principle s, that they are never the same. Ath. Most true, Cleinias。 just aswhen men are sick and ailing in their bodies, their attendants givethem wholesome diet in pleasant meats and drinks, but unwholesome dietin disagreeable things, in order tha t they may learn, as they ought,to like the one, and to dislike the other. And similarly the truelegislator will persuade, and, if he cannot persuade, will pelthe poet to express, as he ought, by fair and noble words, in hisrhythms, the figures, and in his melodies, the music of temperateand brave and in every way good men. Cle. But do you really imagine, Stranger, that this is the way inwhich poets generally pose in States at the present day? As faras I can observe, except among us and among the Lacedaemonians,there are no regulations like those of which you speak。and also it has been the ruin of thetheatre。 nor again, knowing thetruth, ought he through cowardice and unmanliness carelessly todeliver a lying judgment, with the very same lips which have justappealed to the Gods before he judged. He is sitting not as thedisciple of the theatre, but, in his proper place, as theirinstructor, and he ought to be the enemy of all pandering to thepleasure of the spectators. The ancient and mon custom of Hellas,which still prevails in Italy and Sicily, did certainly leave thejudgment to the body of spectators, w ho determined the victor byshow of hands. But this custom has been the destruction of thepoets。 the fairest music is that whichdelights the best and best educated, and especially that whichdelights the one man who is preeminent in virtue and education. Andtherefore the judges must be men of character, for they will requireboth wisdom and courage。 特此聲明！ 作者簽名： 2021 年 6 月 日 s. Ath. Clearly you and I will have to declare that those whom we oldmen adjudge victors ought to win。 （ 5）學?？梢怨紝W位論文的全部或部 分內容（保密學位論文在解密后遵守此規(guī)定）。 （ 3）學?？梢詫W術交流為目的復制、贈送和交換學位論文。 關于學位論文使用權和研究成果知識產權的說明： 本人完全了解成都信息工程學院有關保管使用學位論文的規(guī)定，其中包括： （ 1）學校有權保管并向有關部門遞交學位論文的原件與復印件。文中除了特別加以標注地方外，不 包含他人已經發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果，也不包含為獲得成都信息工程學院或其他教學機構的學位或證書而使用過的材料。 感謝所有我身邊的同學，朋友，與你們的相識是我人生最大的幸福之一，謝謝你們。 [9] 李偉紅． SQL Server 2021數據庫及應用 [M]．北京：清華大學出版社， 2021。 [7] 李明剛 , 肖建． ASP． NET Web 站點高級編程范例 [M]．北京：清華大學出版社， 2021。 [5] 劉斌 ,張軍． +SQL Server動態(tài)網站開發(fā)案例精選 [M]．北京：清華大學出版社，2021。 [3] 楊浩． [M]．北京：清華大學出版社 , 2021。 參考文