【正文】 Sons, New York (2021) [31] Welford, .: Changes of performance with age. In: Charness, N. (ed.) Aging and Human Performance. Wiley, New York (1985) [32] Ziefle, M.: Aging, visual performance, and eyestrain in different screen technologies. In:Proceedings of the Human Factors And Ergonomic Society 45th Annual Meeting, Minneapolis,MN, October 812, pp. 262–266 (2021) Exploring the Interface Design of Mobile Phone for the Elderly Chiuhsiang Joe Lin, TsungLing Hsieh, and WeiJung Shiang Department of Industrial Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University 200, Chung Pei Rd Chung Li, Taiwan , , Abstract. This study evaluated the influences of mobile phone interface design on the operating performance of aged people. To achieve the objective, the present research adopted a 22 within subject experimental design to develop different experimental treatments based on two types of software interfaces and two types of hardware interfaces. A total of 20 subjects including 10 younger participants (1530 years old) and 10 older participants (over 40 years old) were tested in this experiment. Three dependent variables were under study. One measure refers to the operating time of subjects who were requested to perform several tasks in the experiment. The second measure refers to the error frequency, defined by the number of incorrect steps that subjects make when they perform the tasks. The third variable was the subjective convenience that was measured by a sevenpoint Likert scale. Finally, this study discussed design directions in cell phone design for the aged people. The conclusions from this study provided a useful reference for the mobile phone designer. Keywords: Elderly people, Mobile phone, Interface design. 1 Introduction The distribution of cellular phones represents one of the fastest growing technological fields ever. In Taiwan, more than % of people had cellular phones [18]. In addition,following the advancement of information technology, mobile phone bees one of the daily necessities. The trend of the present mobile phone design is to manufacture smaller and lighter ones, and probably more functions ever than in the , enhancing the plexity on interface of cellular phones is critical for the operation of the users. According to Huang [9], the direction key that was hardware interface of cellular phone could divide into two。 New Perspectives on Humanputer Interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah (1986) [21] Oyama, H., Shiramatsu, N.: Smaller and bigger displays. Displays 23(12), 31–39 (2021) [22] Pak, R.: A further examination of the influence of spatial abilities on puter task performance in younger and older adults. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society 45th Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, October 812, pp. 1551–1555(2021) [23] Park, .: Applied cognitive aging research. In: Craik, ., Salthouse, . (eds.)Handbook of Aging and Cognition. Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1992) [24] Renaud, K., van Biljon, J.: A Qualitative Study of the Applicability of Technology Acceptance Models to Senior Mobile Phone Users. In: Song, ., Piattini, M., Chen, Y. .,Hartmann, S., Grandi, F., Trujillo, J., Opdahl, ., Ferri, F., Grifoni, P., Caschera, .,Rolland, C., Woo, C., Salinesi, C., Zim225。 參考文獻 [1] Brodie, J., Chattratichart, J., Perry, M., Scane, R.: How age can inform the future design of the mobile phone experience. In: Stephanidis, C. (ed.) Universal Access in HCI, pp. 822–826. LEA, Mahwah (2021) [2] Carroll, J., Howard, S., Peck, J., Murphy, J.: From adoption to use the process of appropriating a mobile phone. AJIS 10(2), 38–48 (2021) [3] Child, J.: Cellular phone designers face plex requirements. Computer Design’s: Electronic Systems Technology amp。在設計適合老人的手機的過程中，需要簡化的經營方式和減少操作步驟，優(yōu)化性能并考慮老人的主觀方便性。對老年人來說，跨硬件接口和矩陣軟件界面過于復雜，所以老年人更傾向使用容易，簡單，更容易理解的接口設計，如電子對的硬件接口和頁面軟件接口。 最后，老年人對頁面的軟件接口的主觀方便高于矩陣軟件界面，但年輕人卻相反。此外， 年長者用跨硬件接口設置鬧鐘的運行時間明顯比電子對硬件接口運行的時間長。 圖 2 年齡和軟件界面設計在主觀方便性的互動效應 4 討論和結論 本研究評估經營業(yè)績的年齡和手機的界面設計的影響。老年人的主觀便利性中，軟件界面（ M =）高于矩陣軟件界面（ M =）。主觀便利頁軟件界面（ M =）明顯比矩陣的軟件接口（ M =）高。老人的主觀能動性（ M= ）顯著比年輕的參與者（ M =）高。年老者呼叫某人的時間（ M =）顯著長于年輕人（ M= ）。然而，年輕人用跨硬件接口（ M =）設定鬧鐘的運行時間和用電子對硬件接口（ M =）沒有顯著差別。第三，運行設定鬧鐘的時間上有一個顯著的年齡和硬件接口設計的互動效應（ F= ， P），其中圖 1 的結果顯示。第二，操作系統(tǒng)之間的交叉和硬件接口的電子對在設置鬧鐘時所用的時間長短是很大不同的（ F=, P）。首先，年輕和年長的參與者（ F =， P ）設置鬧鐘的執(zhí)行時間有著顯著的不同。經過實驗數(shù)據(jù)的收集和統(tǒng)計分析，一般的線性模型（ GLM）是用來測試受試者的年齡，運行時間和主觀因素對手機界面設計和交互效應的影響。 5）休息 30 分鐘后，進行等 3 種不同的軟件和硬件接口設計任務，并重復步驟 3）， 4），和 5）。 3）參與者在四個隨機順序的接口條件下執(zhí)行三大任務。 實驗過程是： 1）實驗前，先 講解實驗內容和相關的特別注意事項，參與者熟悉這個手機操作前的仿真程序。其中一項措施，是指在實驗中的受試者要求執(zhí)行兩個任務（即設置鬧鐘和呼叫某人）所運行時間的。 作為因變量，對不同的手機界面設計的經營業(yè)績進行了調查。第二個變量是手機的軟件接口，由不同的手機屏幕定義的主菜單的類型。 在研究中的三個獨立的變量。一個用于蜂窩電話的用戶界面設計，包含四個用戶界面，不同的軟件界面和硬件接口。本研究的 重點是探究適合老年人的手機硬件和軟件設計。[3][20][16][23][15]。許多研究表明，隨著他們的年齡增加，老人的智力，記憶力，注意力將退化越來越多， [12][8][4][24][11][7][25] [28]，這使老年人難以 學習新的技能 [22][30]。老齡化廣泛影響人類行為。根據(jù)上述，老人在臺灣的人口比例和增加臺灣的人口結構將進入老齡化社會。因此，如何找到最合適的方式來顯示功能，是手機的設計者的意義所在。用戶不會快速了解所有功能，也會對簡單的矩陣式界面所混淆 [29]。 界面設計無疑是成功經營的手機為用戶最重要的因素之一。用戶需要使用方向鍵操作屏幕上的其他選項頁。此外，主菜單在屏幕上，手機軟件接口也可以分為兩 種類型，如矩陣和頁面。因此，加強對手機界面的復雜性是至關重要的是用戶操作。此外，隨著信息技術的進步，手機將成為日用品之一。 關鍵字： 老年人，手機，界面設計 1 介紹 手機是在技術領域增長最快的產品之一。最后，最后，本研究討論中年人士的手機設計的設計方向。第二項措施是指錯誤的頻率，指對象在運行時出現(xiàn)錯誤的步驟。在研究中有三個因變量。為了實現(xiàn)這一目標，目前研究采用課一個 2 2的學科實驗設計，在軟件接口和硬件接口的基礎上制定不同的實驗處理。 Borriello G (2021) Design Patterns for Ubiquitous Computing. 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