【正文】 stalls 1:1 5 stalls(speeding file): drivers choose a launch vehicle stalls, Plectrum will be 1 / 2 file synchronization engagement with a back stall gear and output shaft lock it, the power input shaft, intermediate shaft and output shaft gear of a stall, a stall the output shaft gear driven, and the output shaft power will be transmitted to the drive shaft(red arrow).A typical stall Biansuchilun transmission ratio is 3:1, that is to say three laps to the input shaft and output shaft to a the growth rate of car drivers choose two stalls, Plectrum will be 1 / 2file synchronization and file a joint separation after 2 stall and lock the output shaft gear, power transmission line similar, the difference is that the output shaft gear of a stall 2 stall replaced by the output shaft gear stall Biansuchilun typical transmission ratio is :1, laps to the input shaft and output shaft to a circle than a stall speed increase, lower refueling vehicle drivers growth stalls option 3, Plectrum to 1 / 2 back to the free filesynchronization position, and also allows the 3 / 4 file synchronization Mobile stall until 3 in the output shaft gear lock, power can be into the shaft axisthe output shaft of the three stalls Biansuchilun, led through three stalls Biansuchilun output stalls typical transmission ratio is :1, laps to the input shaft and output shaft to a circle is further car drivers Option 4 refueling growth stalls, Plectrum will be 3 / 4 from the 3file synchronization stall gear directly with the input shaft gear joint initiative, and power transmission directly from the input shaft to the output shaft, the transmission ratio at 1:1, that the input shaft and output shaft speed the driving force without intermediate shaft, also known as direct file, the file transmission than themaximum transmission cars runtime files are used directly to achieve the best fuel into the first interval when, in a free transmission when Biansuchilun output shaft is not locked in, they can not rotate the output shaft driven, not power automotive manual transmission than the main 14 stalls, usually the first designers to determine the minimum(one stall)and maximum(4 files)transmission ratio, the middle stall drive by geometric progression than the general addition, there are stalls Daodang and speeding, speeding file is also known as the five the car to accelerate to more than car drivers with the choice of five stalls, and a typical fivetransmission ratio is :1, which is driven by a pinion gear, the gear when the initiative to zone, passive gear have been transferred to a circle of the Dang, the opposite direction to the output shaft one pair of meshing gears when we reverse rotation, with a middle gear, it will bee the same to the of this principle, we should add a gear Daodang the “media” will be rotational direction reversed, it will have a Daodang installed in the transmission shaft independent crust, and the intermediate shaft parallel axis gear with the intermediate shaft and output shaft gear meshing gears, will be contrary to the output usually used for the synchronization control also joins five stalls, stalls and Daodang 5 position in the same a middle gear, the general transmission Daodang transmission ratio greater than 1 file transmission ratio, by twisting, steep slope with some vehicles encountered on the progress stalls falters with a Daodang from the driver of the considerations, better transmission stall, stall adjacent stall more than the transmission changes the ratio of small, and easy to shift , the shortings of the stalls is more transmission structure is plicated, bulky, light vehicle transmission is generally 45 the same time, transmission ratio is not integral, but with all of the decimal point, it is because of the gear teeth meshing is not caused by the whole multiples of two gear teeth can lead to the whole multiples of two meshing gears of uneven wear, making the tooth surface quality have a greater transmission and synchronizerManual transmission is the most mon transmission, or basic structure sum up in one sentence, is a twoaxle shaft, where input shaft, the shaft axis and intermediate shaft, which constitute the main body of the transmission and, of course, a Daodang transmission known as manual gear transmission, which can be in the axial sliding gears, the gears meshing different variable speed reached twisting manual transmission structure and principles are as shaft also said that the first axis, and its frontend Spline driven directly with the clutch disc sets with the Spline, by the transfer of torque from the first axis of the intermediate shaft and gears meshing gears often, as long as the shaft axis to a turn, the intermediate shaft and gear also will be also said intermediate shaft axis, the axiseven more than the size known as the second output s。stalls :1。同時(shí)必須牢記，打滑時(shí)可將選擋桿推入N位，切斷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力，以保證行車安全。但是從D位換入S位或L位時(shí)，車速不能高于相應(yīng)的升擋車速，否則發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)強(qiáng)烈振動(dòng)，使變速器油溫急劇上升，甚至?xí)p壞變速器。●S、L位低擋的使用自動(dòng)變速器在S位或L位上處于低擋范圍，可以在坡道等情況下使用。如果起步時(shí)迅速將加速踏板踩下，升擋晚，加速能力強(qiáng)，到一定車速后，再將加速踏板很快松開，汽車就能立即升擋，這樣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噪聲小，舒適性好。D位是最常用的行駛位置。有些駕駛員為了節(jié)油，在高速行駛或下坡時(shí)將選擋桿扳到N位滑行，這很容易燒壞變速器，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)變速器輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速很高，而發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)卻在怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，油泵供油不足，潤滑狀況惡化，易燒壞變速器。因?yàn)檫x擋桿在行駛位置上，自動(dòng)變速器汽車一般都有微弱的行駛趨勢(shì)，長時(shí)間踩住制動(dòng)等于強(qiáng)行制止這種趨勢(shì)，使得變速器油溫升高，油液容易變質(zhì)。在等待信號(hào)或堵車時(shí)常常將選擋桿保持在D位，同時(shí)踩下制動(dòng)。●R(倒擋)的使用R位為倒擋，使用中要切記，自動(dòng)變速器汽車不像手動(dòng)變速器汽車那樣能夠使用半聯(lián)動(dòng)，故在倒車時(shí)要特別注意加速踏板的控制。●P(停車擋)的使用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)只要選擋桿在行駛位置上，自動(dòng)變速器汽車就很容易地行走。當(dāng)同步鎖環(huán)內(nèi)錐面與待接合齒輪齒圈外錐面接觸后，在摩擦力矩的作用下齒輪轉(zhuǎn)速迅速降低（或升高）到與同步鎖環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)速相等，兩者同步旋轉(zhuǎn)，齒輪相對(duì)于同步鎖環(huán)的轉(zhuǎn)速為零，因而慣性力矩也同時(shí)消失，這時(shí)在作用力的推動(dòng)下，接合套不受阻礙地與同步鎖環(huán)齒圈接合，并進(jìn)一步與待接合齒輪的齒圈接合而完成換檔過程自動(dòng)變速器自動(dòng)變速器的選擋桿相當(dāng)于手動(dòng)變速器的變速桿，一般有以下幾個(gè)擋位：P(停車)、R(倒擋)、N(空擋)、D(前進(jìn))、S(or2，即為2速擋)、L(or1，即為1速擋)。接合套、同步鎖環(huán)和待接合齒輪的齒圈上均有倒角（鎖止角），同步鎖環(huán)的內(nèi)錐面與待接合齒輪齒圈外錐面接觸產(chǎn)生摩擦。因此設(shè)計(jì)師創(chuàng)造出“同步器”，通過同步器使將要嚙合的齒輪達(dá)到一致的轉(zhuǎn)速而順利嚙合。因此，舊式變速器的換檔要采用“兩腳離合”的方式，升檔在空檔位置停留片刻，減檔要在空檔位置加油門，以減少齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速差。由于變速器輸入軸與輸出軸以各自的速度旋轉(zhuǎn)，變換檔位時(shí)合存在一個(gè)“同步”問題。多數(shù)汽車都有5個(gè)前進(jìn)檔和一個(gè)倒檔，每個(gè)檔位有一定的傳動(dòng)比，多數(shù)檔位傳動(dòng)比大于1，第4檔傳動(dòng)比為1，稱為直接檔，而傳動(dòng)比小于1的第5檔稱為加速檔。由此可知，變速器前進(jìn)檔位的驅(qū)動(dòng)路徑是：輸入軸常嚙齒輪－中間軸常嚙齒輪－中間軸對(duì)應(yīng)齒輪－第二軸對(duì)應(yīng)齒輪。輸出軸又稱第二軸，軸