【正文】 That is the ideal we strive for in the United 。But over time, if innovators fear that their inventions or ideas will be stolen or discriminated against, one of two things will happen – they’ll either stop inventing, or they’ll decide to create or sell their inventions elsewhere.但隨著時(shí)間的推移，如果發(fā)明者擔(dān)心他們的發(fā)明或創(chuàng)意遭到竊取或歧視，就會(huì)發(fā)生以下情況——他們或者停止發(fā)明活動(dòng)，或者決定到別處去從事或出售他們的發(fā)明。The damage won’t happen overnight. I freely admit that panies and countries can gain shortterm advantages from lax rules in the mercial space. 這種損失不會(huì)在一夜之間發(fā)生。In the long run, economies with poor intellectual property protections and inconsistent application of market access laws will lose out on generating great new ideas and technologies. And they’ll lose out on the jobs that e with producing new products – jobs critical to an expanding middle class.從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看， 缺乏知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)以及不能始終執(zhí)行市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入規(guī)則的經(jīng)濟(jì)體將錯(cuò)失開(kāi)發(fā)重大新創(chuàng)意和新技術(shù)的機(jī)會(huì)。但把這種關(guān)切完全視為美國(guó)以忠告為名謀求自身利益將是錯(cuò)誤的。I recognize I39。對(duì)于中國(guó)在這方面的努力，美國(guó)將非常愿意參與伙伴合作。So America weles Vice Premier Wang’s pledge to accelerate China39。但在中國(guó)，在硬件上1美元的銷(xiāo)售額只有8美分的軟件銷(xiāo)售。But American and other foreign panies, in industries ranging from pharmaceuticals and biotechnology to entertainment, still lose billions of dollars from counterfeiting and IPtheft in China every year.但美國(guó)和其他外國(guó)公司，從制藥公司和生物技術(shù)到娛樂(lè)等行業(yè)，每年還是因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)的仿冒及知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)盜用而損失數(shù)十億美元。Or look at the issue of intellectual property. We have heard Chinese leaders condemn IPtheft in the strongest terms, and we’ve seen central government laws and regulations written or amended to reflect that sentiment.再看一下知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問(wèn)題。該規(guī)定可能與要求當(dāng)?shù)睾坎煌?，但卻有同樣的影響——使外國(guó)公司與中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)難度更大。Take last year’s JCCT, when the Chinese agreed to remove a local content requirement for wind turbine suppliers – a positive step forward.以去年的美中商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會(huì)為例，中國(guó)同意取消對(duì)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)供應(yīng)商當(dāng)?shù)睾康囊蟆粋€(gè)積極的步驟。But to be clear, they are only a first step. What was agreed to at the JCCT were important statements of principle and policy – but they must be turned into concrete action with results.但需要申明的是，這些都只是第一步。Additionally, Vice Premier Wang asked the Commerce Department and the . Trade Representative to partner with him on a public campaign to reduce intellectual property rights violations in China, which he is leading.此外，國(guó)務(wù)院副總理王岐山請(qǐng)求商務(wù)部和美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表與他合作進(jìn)行一次減少知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)在中國(guó)被侵權(quán)的公開(kāi)活動(dòng)，他正領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。 to those that restrict . participation in the development of largescale wind farms in China.他們同意取消歧視美國(guó)公司在銷(xiāo)售一切產(chǎn)品上的行政和法規(guī)上的壁壘，包括從工業(yè)機(jī)器和電訊器材到那些限制美國(guó)參與在中國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)大規(guī)模風(fēng)能電場(chǎng)的活動(dòng)。國(guó)務(wù)院副總理王岐山和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)我們關(guān)心的問(wèn)題反應(yīng)積極，承諾在對(duì)美國(guó)企業(yè)關(guān)鍵的一些領(lǐng)域采取行動(dòng)。A few weeks ago, the Commerce Department and the office of the . Trade Representative weled Vice Premier Wang Qishan and other leading Chinese officials for the 21st Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade, where we worked through a variety of specific trade issues. 幾周以前，商務(wù)部和美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表曾歡迎王歧山副總理和中國(guó)的其他高級(jí)官員前來(lái)參加第21屆美中商貿(mào)聯(lián)合委員會(huì)會(huì)議，在那次會(huì)議上，我們解決了許多具體的貿(mào)易問(wèn)題。s a wellwritten law or regulation at the national level, but there39。When it es to indigenous innovation, intellectual property or a variety of other marketaccess issues, an enduring frustration is that in too many cases only the earliest steps are taken, but not all five.就自主創(chuàng)新、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)或許多其他市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入問(wèn)題而言，一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期存在的困難是：在太多的情況下，只采取了最初的幾個(gè)步驟，而沒(méi)有完成全部五個(gè)步驟。Only after all these things have happened can you arrive at the fifth, final and most important step, which is where this new law or regulation bees a norm – an accepted way of doing business in China39。Third, the law or regulation needs to be faithfully implemented by the central government.第三，該法律或法規(guī)必須由中央政府忠實(shí)地推行。It starts with the easiest step: a statement of principle from Chinese officials that action will be taken to solve a market access issue.第一個(gè)步驟最容易：由中國(guó)官員發(fā)表一項(xiàng)原則聲明，表明將采取行動(dòng)來(lái)解決市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入問(wèn)題。中國(guó)在參加世界貿(mào)組織時(shí)曾同意實(shí)施開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)的政策，美國(guó)和世界上其他國(guó)家完全有理由要求中國(guó)在這方面作出更有實(shí)質(zhì)意義的承諾和改進(jìn)。And the creation of the World Trade Organization in 1995 ensured that countries would be held accountable for their mitments to open markets and lower barriers.1995年建立的世界貿(mào)易組織規(guī)定各國(guó)必須實(shí)踐其開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)、降低關(guān)稅的承諾。But those policies were folly then, and they are surely folly now. After World War II, the United States and a growing munity of nations painstakingly built a global trading system based on the freer flow of goods, ideas and services across borders. 但是，那些政策在當(dāng)時(shí)來(lái)說(shuō)是愚蠢的，現(xiàn)在也還是愚蠢的。On balance, the petitive playing field in China is fairer to foreign firms that it was a decade ago. And we mend the Chinese for that.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，中國(guó)的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境對(duì)于外國(guó)企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)比十年前更為公平，我們對(duì)此表示贊賞。s borders.必須指出，自從中國(guó)在九年前正式加入世界貿(mào)易組織以來(lái)，它在開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)方面已經(jīng)取得重大進(jìn)展。這些政策要求產(chǎn)品必須在中國(guó)構(gòu)思、設(shè)計(jì)和制造。When I talk to business leaders across America, they continue to express significant concerns – shared by business around the world about the mercial environment in China – especially China39。在州一級(jí)，中國(guó)政府與加利福尼亞州簽署了連接舊金山和阿納海姆的高速鐵路項(xiàng)目的合作協(xié)議。中國(guó)白手起家，在過(guò)去十年已建成并投入使用4000多英里的高速公路，使中國(guó)成為世界上高速鐵路總里程最長(zhǎng)的國(guó)家。The Chinese and American governments are also working together on a variety of transportation issues, including how to spur the deployment of more highspeed rail. China has embraced highspeed rail and has developed its infrastructure at a tremendous rate. Starting from scratch, China has constructed and put into service over 4,000 miles of highspeed routes in the last decade – making China’s the longest highspeed rail network in the world.中美政府還在就各種交通運(yùn)輸問(wèn)題展開(kāi)合作，包括推動(dòng)建設(shè)更多的高速鐵路。它與中國(guó)最大的電力公司華能集團(tuán)和中國(guó)政府的國(guó)電熱工研究院簽署了聯(lián)合研究的協(xié)議。Or look at what’s happening with Duke Energy, one of America39。項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)始會(huì)員之一波音公司正在與中國(guó)國(guó)際航空公司和中國(guó)石油天然氣集團(tuán)公司合作，研發(fā)不依賴(lài)糧食作物的新一代生物航空燃料。s happening with the new Energy Cooperation Program that Secretary Chu and I announced while in China in October 2009 to promote more collaboration between Chinese and American panies on energy issues. One of the founding corporate members of the program, Boeing, is partnering with Air China and Petro China to research a new generation of aviation biofuels that don39。s the good news: we are already seeing examples of just how this future