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不同環(huán)境條件下聚乳酸纖維降解行為的研究畢業(yè)論文(參考版)

2025-07-01 09:02本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 C.. Degradation analysis. Weight loss. Mechanical propertiesMechanical properties were tested based on flexural strength. A sample was loaded with the axial tension as shown in Fig. 2. Measurements of mechanical properties were carried out in duplicate. Infrared spectroscopyThe infrared absorption spectrum of each sample in KBr pellets was rec。al., 1992). All experiments were carried out at 25mM malonate buffer and dimethoxyphenol in 20rpm for 10g) was added to 30 Sing, 2006). Degradation processes happen because fungi secrete an important group of enzymes such as monooxygenase, epoxide hydrolase, dioxygenase, peroxidase, and laccase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of P. Potin et Matsubara et Vidali, 2001). A fungus was used as the microbial degrader because of its ability to degrade celulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The whiterot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Bjerkandera sp., and a brownrot fungus, Neolentinus lepideus, have been reported to degrade various organic pollutants (Verdin etal., 2011).The creation of new products that are ecofriendly and sustainable are a basic philosophy that must be considered. Thus, the characteristics of PLA/kenaf degradation are important to investigate. Bioremediation was selected in this study because it has been shown to be a viable, relatively lowcost, low technology, and its use is widespread (Bogan and Lamar, 1996。mm in length and –cm in diameter within 5–6 months (Nishino etal., 2001)) could be one of the substitute materials for wood. Kenaf is a plant that grows wild in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia. It is a fastgrowing species, reaching about 5–6 it has properties similar to those of particleboard. Wood production is decreasing due to huge increases in the human population and forest degradation。al., 2001). There are several examples of the use of bioposites. Daimler Chrysler use a flax–sisal fiber mat embedded in an epoxy matrix for the door panels of its Mercedes Benz Eclass model (John and Thomas, 2008). Cambridge Industry is making flaxfiberreinforced polypropylene for Freightliner century COE C2 heavy trucks, and also for rear shelf trim panels of the 2000 model Chevrolet Impala (Shinoj etal., 2011). Demand for these products has continually increased. The development of bioposites is based on polyester and fiber。al., 2010). Synthetic plastics are a problem because they are very difficult to break down or degrade. The discovery of biopolymers that are biologically biodegradable is the current leading edge of research. Biopolymers are divided into 2 groups: (1) agropolymers (polysaccharides, protein, etc.) and (2) biopolyesters (polylactic acid [PLA], polyhydroxyalkanoates [PHAs], aromatic and aliphatic copolyesters). Among them, PLA is the most widely developed and used. It is produced by condensation of lactic acid obtained by fermentation (Kolybaba et外文資料及譯文英文原文:Characterization of polylactic acid (PLA)/kenaf posite degradation by immobilized mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus1. IntroductionThe production of synthetic plastics was estimated to increase from over 130 million tons/yr in 2001 (Formin,2001) to 245 million tons/yr in 2008 (Dacko et五、 致謝 非常感謝中國(guó)郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行山西省分行太原市建設(shè)南路支行能給與我這一次大堂經(jīng)理的實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì),讓我能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的不足之處,同時(shí)也讓我提高了自身的很多能力,讓我了解到了自身的潛力有多少。階段在務(wù)實(shí)與創(chuàng)新的行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)下,未來的經(jīng)營(yíng)策略仍將積極開創(chuàng),確實(shí)掌握產(chǎn)業(yè)趨勢(shì),延伸核心事業(yè)和相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。由于我在學(xué)校的時(shí)候就是班里的團(tuán)支書,所以,在調(diào)節(jié)及團(tuán)結(jié)行內(nèi)人員方面有自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn),能夠很好地組織起大家。專業(yè)知識(shí)是我們從事大堂工作的基礎(chǔ)。大堂工作同時(shí)是一個(gè)涉外行業(yè),因此對(duì)各方面的要求都很高,對(duì)外代表的不僅僅是個(gè)人形象,甚至是企業(yè)形象,因此必須加強(qiáng)自己各方面素質(zhì)的修煉,如禮儀等。工作總結(jié),認(rèn)識(shí)自身不足。在做大堂經(jīng)理的這段日子里,我掌握了如何去策劃實(shí)施一項(xiàng)大型活動(dòng),以及怎么樣才能夠使得這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)變得成功。第二天,我用我所研究出來的方法向客戶介紹我們的活動(dòng),第二天我完成的任務(wù)量增加到了25人,于是,我每天下班回家后都是先總結(jié)今日向客戶介紹時(shí)的用語以及方法,每天都在改進(jìn),于是,我每天的完成量都在30多人,每天都能超額完成行內(nèi)的任務(wù),受到了行內(nèi)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的表?yè)P(yáng)。在我真正做這項(xiàng)工作的第一天,我只是引進(jìn)了7名客戶參加到了我們的活動(dòng)。 (3)實(shí)際歷練在自己全部接手一項(xiàng)大型任務(wù)的時(shí)候,才發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)并沒有你想想的那么簡(jiǎn)單。 (2)摸索過程 在臨近年關(guān)的時(shí)候,我們銀行推出了一項(xiàng)名為“巧媳婦,好理財(cái)”的活動(dòng),本活動(dòng)行內(nèi)決定由我全權(quán)負(fù)責(zé)。在她的教導(dǎo)下,我用了兩天的時(shí)間就基本掌握了作為一名銀行的大堂經(jīng)理應(yīng)該知道些什么、了解些什么、具備什么能力以及技能。建南支行坐落于太原市朝陽(yáng)街同至人,處于太原市最繁華的的地段之一,每天所接受的客戶流量在300左右,是太原市客戶流量最多的郵儲(chǔ)支行。2012年2月27日,中國(guó)郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行發(fā)布公告稱,經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院同意,中國(guó)郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行有限責(zé)任公司于2012年1月21日依法整體變更為中國(guó)郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行股份有限公司。參考文獻(xiàn)[1][J].廣西輕工業(yè),2009(8):23.[2]劉磊,吳若峰聚乳酸類材料的水解特征[J]合成材料老化與應(yīng)用,2006,35(1):44–48.畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告一、 實(shí)習(xí)說明 (1)實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)間:2013年1月4日至2013年3月29日 (2)實(shí)習(xí)地點(diǎn):山西省太原市郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行建南支行 (3)實(shí)習(xí)性質(zhì):畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)二、 實(shí)習(xí)單位簡(jiǎn)介中國(guó)郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行于2007年3月20日正式掛牌成立,是在改革郵政儲(chǔ)蓄管理體制的基礎(chǔ)上組建的商業(yè)銀行。(二) 聚乳酸纖維在真空和大氣環(huán)境下,纖維的降解率明顯不同,聚乳酸的降解不僅受環(huán)境的溫度影響,而且受到環(huán)境中水分的影響,聚乳酸的水解是其降解的最主要反應(yīng),因?yàn)檎婵窄h(huán)境下聚乳酸無法發(fā)生水解,酯鍵無法斷裂,不能大規(guī)模的發(fā)生自由基的降解,阻礙聚乳酸纖維水解的進(jìn)行,所以表現(xiàn)為真空環(huán)境下聚乳酸的降解率明顯小于大氣環(huán)境下纖維的降解率。圖5 大氣條件下120℃不同加熱時(shí)間聚乳酸降解率變化曲線由上圖變化曲線可知,聚乳酸纖維在大氣環(huán)境120℃條件下,隨著加熱時(shí)間的加長(zhǎng),纖維的降解率也變大,說明在溫度相等時(shí),聚乳酸纖維的降解率的主要影響因素為時(shí)間。聚乳酸樣品在120℃大氣條件下,對(duì)多份聚乳酸樣品進(jìn)行加熱,每1小時(shí)依次取出樣品,得到纖維的降解率,見表8。圖4 真空和大氣環(huán)境下聚乳酸纖維降解率變化曲線對(duì)比由以上聚乳酸降解對(duì)比圖,可以直觀的發(fā)現(xiàn)纖維在相同溫度條件下,大氣環(huán)境中的降解速率大于真空環(huán)境下,溫度越低,兩種環(huán)境下降解率的差異越小,當(dāng)溫度達(dá)到100攝氏度以上時(shí)差距越來越大。圖3 真空條件下不同溫度聚乳酸的降解率變化曲線上圖的變化曲線說明,聚乳酸在真空條件下其降解率的變化與大氣環(huán)境下的降解行為相似,都是隨著溫度的升高,降解率也隨之增大,并且在一定溫度時(shí)降解率變化速度達(dá)到最大值,由上圖可以看出,在110℃時(shí)到達(dá)拐點(diǎn),變化率最快。 真空環(huán)境下,不同溫度聚乳酸纖維降解行為研究聚乳酸纖維在真空干燥箱 DZF6050中,依次進(jìn)行不同溫度,相同加熱時(shí)間后,準(zhǔn)確稱量纖維樣品的重量,得到不同溫度纖維降解率的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),見表7。表6 大氣環(huán)境下,不同溫度聚乳酸纖維降解率編號(hào)12345678溫度20℃40℃60℃80℃100℃120℃140℃160℃初始重量W0試驗(yàn)后重量W1降解量大氣降解率%%%%%%%%由以上數(shù)據(jù)可以得到聚乳酸纖維降解率變化曲線,見圖2。說明聚乳酸在紫外線照射下,當(dāng)照射時(shí)間小于8小時(shí)時(shí),纖維發(fā)生光降解和自然降解,隨著照射時(shí)間的加長(zhǎng),樣品的重量自然減小,并且由圖上可以看出重量下降的幅度基本相同,當(dāng)照射時(shí)長(zhǎng)大于8小時(shí)后,纖維樣品的降解率反而下降,說明此時(shí)纖維的分子量已經(jīng)降低到最低值,光降解趨于為零,所以出現(xiàn)上圖中降解率的變化曲線。當(dāng)照射時(shí)間小于8小時(shí),隨著照射時(shí)長(zhǎng)的增加,纖維的降解率隨著增大,%,隨后纖維的降解率反而下降。表5聚乳酸纖維在紫外線照射下降解研究編號(hào)123456時(shí)間2h4h6h8h10h12h初始重量W0試驗(yàn)后重量W1降解量 降解率%%%%%%由上表數(shù)據(jù),得到聚乳酸纖維降解率的變化曲線,見圖1。按照公式(1)計(jì)算聚乳酸纖維的重量損失率。表4 120℃大氣環(huán)境下,不同加熱時(shí)間聚乳酸降解研究方案編號(hào)123456時(shí)間1h2h3h4h5h6h實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后準(zhǔn)確稱量樣品重量為W1,然后按照公式(1)計(jì)算聚乳酸纖維
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