【正文】 與模擬圖像（即膠片）相比，數(shù)字圖像的主要優(yōu)點在于數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量和數(shù)據(jù)可供計算機進(jìn)行處理這兩方面。 it is not optimized for any one. Digital images lend themselves to custom tailoring by the user for his or her application in a way that film products cannot.數(shù)字圖像處理包括了多種多樣的技術(shù)和數(shù)學(xué)工具，每一項應(yīng)用都涉及到一系列的處理步驟。 telediagnostic approach would require approximately 20 randomly selected images with standard resolution in black and white (512(512 pixels with 8 bit resolution per pixel) which can be transferred over a standard ISDN channel within less than six minutes.一種電子診斷方法將需要約20個隨機選擇的圖像與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分辨率在黑色和白色（512*512像素分表率在8位/像素）可以到一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的ISDN通道在不到六分鐘。 telemedicine will be a general success will to a large extent depend on whether or not one manages to meet the real challenge ( to make such systems work as close to the standard methods as possible, employing telemunication systems available on a general basis, and with acceptable quality and costs。 importance of early brain development in setting the foundations for language is apparent in babies younger than 6 months. 大腦的早期發(fā)展對于奠定語言基礎(chǔ)的重要性在六個月以下的嬰兒中是顯而易見的。UNIT 14 has proven to be effective as a disaster response, a meaningful aid for the third world, care for the elderly and chronically ill in their homes, as well as a provider of health care to remote or isolated areas.遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被證明是個災(zāi)難響應(yīng)有效的作為之一，一個有意義的援助第三世界,照顧老年人和慢性病患者在他們的家園,以及醫(yī)療保健提供商遠(yuǎn)程或偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。 threat is also placed in a theoretical political context by examining how it relates to paradigm shifting technologies of the past, what its attractions and deterrents are, and how it would be analyzed and addressed within traditional realist/liberal national security schools.威脅也看它涉及范式轉(zhuǎn)換的過去的技術(shù)放在一個理論的政治背景下，它的吸引力和威脅是什么，以及它將如何分析和在傳統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)實主義/自由國家安全學(xué)校解決。 preceding chapters have described how the automatic puter performs, but have not described how the automatic puter can be put to use to do data handling work to serve an organization, nor why such work is done in the way that it is.前面的章節(jié)講述了自動計算機是如何工作的，但沒有講述自動計算機如何能用于數(shù)據(jù)處理工作以服務(wù)于一個機構(gòu)，也沒有講述這種工作為什么用這種方法實現(xiàn)。 classes of human error have been identified and studied, and conditions that increase the likelihood of error can be specified in advance.幾類人類的錯誤已經(jīng)被識別和研究和條件,增加錯誤的可能性可以事先指定。 management is more than a tool or a person — it is also a process. These resources arm you with the knowledge you need to implement and maintain an intrusion management life cycle.入侵管理不僅僅是一種工具或一個人，它也是一個過程。UNIT 13 solid network design is crucial for maintaining a secure network. From perimeter firewalls to locking down endpoint devices and controlling user access, these resources help you build a secure layered network and identify vulnerabilities to prevent attacks.一個堅實的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計是維護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的關(guān)鍵。 three major forms of electronic documents mentioned above have a significant impact on the ways in which users select to manage the documents’ life cycle prising creation or reception from an outside entity, processing, storage, retrieval and publishing.電子文件上面提到的三種主要形式有關(guān)于如何在用戶選擇的文件管理，文件管理的生命周期包括產(chǎn)生或接收從外部實體，處理，存儲，檢索和發(fā)布。H’s VoiceXpress, which were created for building voiceenabled applications for native speakers rather than for teaching foreigners.這些產(chǎn)品使用市售的語音工具包，如IBM的一款聲控軟件，現(xiàn)代月刊的自然演講，或Lamp。這一平滑處理可消除水平方向的離散結(jié)構(gòu)。 to the figure, we see that signal processing techniques are needed for preprocessing, pattern recognition techniques are needed for segmentation, feature extraction, and classification, and artificial intelligence techniques are needed for structure analysis, knowledgeacquisition and representation (world model), and control structure (interaction among the blocks).參考圖，我們看到信號處理技術(shù)是預(yù)處理所需要的，模式識別技術(shù)是分割、特征提取以及分類所需要的，而人工智能技術(shù)則是結(jié)構(gòu)分析、知識獲取及表示（世界模型）以及控制結(jié)構(gòu)（塊間交互）所需要的。 more adaptable technique is edge finding, which detects the regions of high rate of change of tone in an image, on the basis that these are likely to indicate edges of objects or ROI.檢測高清圖像中的色調(diào)變化率最適合的技術(shù)是邊緣檢測，基于此，這些可能表明物體或區(qū)域的邊緣。 need for individual treatment of images makes strong demands on the methodology, but the fact that different features are important in different applications also opens new possibilities regarding data reduction.用于圖像處理的需要使得個體方法論的強烈需求，但事實上，不同的功能在不同的應(yīng)用程序也很重要，對于減少數(shù)據(jù)打開新的可能性。圖像的不連續(xù)性通常包括是幾何圖形（即，幾何形）即使不一致的光度測定。 resolution and full color are important for such examinations of standard prepared specimens, but resolution and colors may be reduced for freeze section service as these specimens are low in details and growth pattern is the prevailing feature analyzed.高分辨率、全彩色是重要的對于這樣的考試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制備試樣, 但分辨率和顏色可降低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)冷凍切片服務(wù)，這些標(biāo)本是低的細(xì)節(jié)，增長模式是被分析過的流行特征。Uint 11 are transmitting highresolution full color images at the rate of 30 images per second, a transfer speed that enables full size full quality image viewing in real time.他們在以30幀每秒的速率傳輸高分辨率全彩色圖像，傳輸速度能使全尺寸的完整的圖像質(zhì)量實時查看。這個計算來自于奈奎斯特定理,和最高的頻率可以復(fù)制出一個給定的采樣率是眾所周知的奈奎斯特頻率。 to reproduce a given frequency, the sampling rate must be at least twice that frequency. For example, if the audio contains audible frequencies as high as 8,000 Hz, your need a sample rate of 16,000 samples per second to reproduce this audio accurately in digital form. This calculation es from the Nyquist Theorem, and the highest frequency that can be reproduced by a given sample rate is known as the Nyquist Frequency. CDs have a sampling rate of 44,100 samples per second that allows samples up to 22,050 Hz, which is higher than the limit of human hearing, 20,000Hz.采樣率限制的音頻文件的頻率范圍從而復(fù)制一個給定的頻率，采樣率必須至少兩倍的采樣頻率。低采樣率限制頻率的記錄范圍，從而導(dǎo)致記錄不充分，難以表示原始的聲音。例如,。眾所周知作為數(shù)字化或抽樣音頻,有時被稱為模擬數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換。 analog storage media such as magnetic tape and vinyl records, puters store audio information digitally as a series of zeros and ones. In digital storage, the original waveform is broken up into individual samples. This is know as digitizing or sampling the audio, and is sometimes called analogtodigital conversion. The sampling rate defines how often a sample is taken. For example, CDquality sound has samples for each second of a waveform.不像模擬存儲媒體如磁帶和唱片,計算機存儲音頻信息數(shù)字化是一系列由0和1組成。 高壓力波