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參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 閏宏偉,潘宏俠 .立體停布庫在我國的發(fā)展前景綜述討論,2022 (3)[2] 摩根斯坦利 “中國汽車業(yè),2022 (3)[3] ,2022 (5)[4] ,2022 (1)[5] 郭宗仁,吳亦峰 ,2022:P512[6] 何波,:陜西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,:P140164[7] ,1999 (55)[8] 劉煒,張?jiān)粕?.,1998[9] 土耀斌,李世武 , ,2022年7月,31卷第三期:P98101[10] 世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件 .北京世紀(jì)佳諾科技有限公司 ,2022:P60162[11] 袁秀英.組態(tài)控制技術(shù).電子工業(yè)出版社,2022:P3238附錄 A 英文原文Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)1 About Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)PLCs (programmable logic controllers) are the control hubs for a wide variety of automated systems and processes. They contain multiple inputs and outputs that use transistors and other circuitry to simulate switches and relays to control equipment. They are programmable via software interfaced via standard puter interfaces and proprietary languages and work options. Programmable logic controllers I/O channel specifications include total number of points, number of inputs and outputs, ability to expand, and maximum number of channels. Number of points is the sum of the inputs and the outputs. PLCs may be specified by any possible bination of these values. Expandable units may be stacked or linked together to increase total control capacity. Maximum number of channels refers to the maximum total number of input and output channels in an expanded system. PLC system specifications to consider include scan time, number of instructions, data memory, and program memory. Scan time is the time required by the PLC to check the states of its inputs and outputs. Instructions are standard operations (such as math functions) available to PLC software. Data memory is the capacity for data storage. Program memory is the capacity for control software.Available inputs for programmable logic controllers include DC, AC, analog, thermocouple, RTD, frequency or pulse, transistor, and interrupt inputs. Outputs for PLCs include DC, AC, relay, analog, frequency or pulse, transistor, and triac. Programming options for PLCs include front panel, hand held, and puter. Programmable logic controllers use a variety of software programming languages for control. These include IEC 611313, sequential function chart (SFC), function block diagram (FBD), ladder diagram (LD), structured text (ST), instruction list (IL), relay ladder logic (RLL), flow chart, C, and Basic. The IEC 611313 programming environment provides support for five languages specified by the global standard: Sequential Function Chart, Function Block Diagram, Ladder Diagram, Structured Text, and Instruction List. This allows for multivendor patibility and multilanguage programming. SFC is a graphical language that provides coordination of program sequences, supporting alternative sequence selections and parallel sequences. FBD uses a broad function library to build plex procedures in a graphical format. Standard math and logic functions may be coordinated with customizable munication and interface functions. LD is a graphic language for discrete control and interlocking logic. It is pletely patible with FBD for discrete function control. ST is a text language used for plex mathematical procedures and calculations less well suited to graphical languages. IL is a lowlevel language similar to assembly code. It is used in relatively simple logic instructions. Relay Ladder Logic (RLL), or ladder diagrams, is the primary programming language for programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Ladder logic programming is a graphical representation of the program designed to look like relay logic. Flow Chart is a graphical language that describes sequential operations in a controller sequence or application. It is used to build modular, reusable function libraries. C is a high level programming language suited to handle the most plex putation, sequential, and d。感謝我的師弟師妹以及同班同學(xué),他們?cè)谖业膶W(xué)習(xí)中給予了我很多的幫助,與他們之間的交流讓我受益匪淺。面對(duì)探求科學(xué)知識(shí)的新的道路,站在新的起點(diǎn),我更加充滿信心,充滿熱情和希望?;仡欉@四年來緊張而又充實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)生活,我感受頗多。她孜孜不倦的教誨和悉心全面的教導(dǎo)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)期間給予了我莫大的關(guān)懷與照顧,同時(shí)為我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)指出了方法,提出了很好的建議,并每周組織同組的同學(xué)一起研究。我首先要感謝我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)老師——魏靜敏老師,本論文是在導(dǎo)師魏靜敏老師的精心指導(dǎo)下完成的。致 謝畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),也許是我大學(xué)生涯交上的最后一個(gè)作業(yè)了。但是因?yàn)闀r(shí)間有限,所以本設(shè)計(jì)難免會(huì)存在一些瑕疵,經(jīng)過最后的檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn)本系統(tǒng)還存在著一些不足,主要表現(xiàn)在世紀(jì)星組態(tài)不能十分逼真的表現(xiàn)出車輛進(jìn)出車庫所有運(yùn)動(dòng)步驟、程序設(shè)計(jì)上不能自動(dòng)選擇最佳空位停車等功能。本系統(tǒng)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了升降橫移式立體車庫的控制系統(tǒng)的控制要求并且利用世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)控。本論文一開始詳細(xì)介紹了升降橫移式立體車庫的控制系統(tǒng)的組成及各種器件的選擇,對(duì)于其中的設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)節(jié)做了詳細(xì)的描述。首先選擇了編程軟件 CXProgrammer,并且對(duì)他的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹,然后設(shè)計(jì)了世紀(jì)星組態(tài)的監(jiān)控程序,并對(duì)具體的設(shè)計(jì)過程做了詳細(xì)的講述。圖 車位 7 復(fù)原如圖 所示,車位 7 的存車過程與上圖相同,此圖為重新加載汽車后的歸位狀態(tài)。圖 車位 7 下移如圖 所示,即車位 7 工作時(shí)的動(dòng)態(tài)畫面,系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行后,車位 7 下行。以下即為動(dòng)畫連接的車位 7 運(yùn)行圖為例的介紹。畫面編輯好以后,需要將畫面與前面定義的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象即變量關(guān)聯(lián)起來,以便運(yùn)行時(shí),畫面上的內(nèi)容能隨變量變化。圖形對(duì)象可以按動(dòng)畫連接的要求改變顏色、尺寸、位置、填充百分?jǐn)?shù)等,一個(gè)圖形對(duì)象又可以同時(shí)定義多個(gè)連接。動(dòng)畫連接的引入是人機(jī)接口的一次突破,它把程序員從重復(fù)的圖形編程中解放出來,為程序員提供了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工業(yè)控制圖形界面,并且有可編程的命令語言連接來增強(qiáng)圖形界面的功能。圖 立體車庫系統(tǒng)的組態(tài)畫面 動(dòng)態(tài)銜接的介紹動(dòng)畫連接就是建立畫面的圖素與數(shù)據(jù)庫變量的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。圖 組態(tài)編程示意圖 組態(tài)畫面的動(dòng)畫銜接 組態(tài)畫面的設(shè)計(jì)通過《世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件》設(shè)計(jì)出的立體車庫控制系統(tǒng)的組態(tài)監(jiān)控畫面如圖 所示。世紀(jì)星的命令語言是由簡單的判斷語句構(gòu)成。圖 內(nèi)部參數(shù)設(shè)定 軟件語言的編程在世紀(jì)星中,圖形控件的變化需要條件的觸發(fā)。內(nèi)存變量分為離散、整數(shù)、實(shí)數(shù)、信息等四種類型。系統(tǒng)變量設(shè)有只讀和讀寫屬性,只讀變量如系統(tǒng)時(shí)間等,由系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)更新,用戶改變這些變量的數(shù)值;對(duì)于具有讀寫屬性的系統(tǒng)變量,用戶可以改變變量的數(shù)值。系統(tǒng)變量是系統(tǒng)預(yù)先設(shè)置的變量,這些變量用戶可以直接使用。系統(tǒng)提供四大類型變量:系統(tǒng)變量、內(nèi)存變量、I/O 變量和特殊變量。運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)將數(shù)據(jù)庫中的數(shù)據(jù)同輸入的數(shù)據(jù)以及工業(yè)現(xiàn)場傳送來的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)處理,再將數(shù)據(jù)送回工業(yè)現(xiàn)場,同時(shí)更新變量數(shù)據(jù)庫中變量的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。 內(nèi)部參數(shù)的設(shè)定世紀(jì)星提供的變量數(shù)據(jù)庫是一個(gè)實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫,它是世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件的核心。圖 建立新工程之后,就可以進(jìn)行畫面的設(shè)計(jì),首先要選擇在“新畫面” 這個(gè)任務(wù)欄中輸入要新建的畫面名稱以及畫面的尺寸大小,并選擇出所要設(shè)計(jì)的畫面的背景色及尺寸等相關(guān)選項(xiàng),然后點(diǎn)擊“確定” ,則出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)根據(jù)所選背景色及相關(guān)選項(xiàng)的所產(chǎn)生的新畫面。打開 CSMAKER,用鼠標(biāo)單擊開發(fā)系統(tǒng)菜單欄中的“文件” ,待菜單彈出后選中“工程項(xiàng)目管理器” ,再選擇“新建” ,彈出如圖 所示對(duì)話框,鍵入一個(gè)工程名后,會(huì)彈出一個(gè)窗口詢問是否建立新項(xiàng)目,當(dāng)選擇“是”的時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)新的窗口,點(diǎn)擊剛才輸入的工程名就可以進(jìn)入所新建的工程目錄下了。其功能包括:搶先多任務(wù)、多線程、即插即用硬件兼容性等等 [11]。(4)獨(dú)特性《世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件》可從屏幕抓取點(diǎn)位圖提高該系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行效率;用戶自定義函數(shù)功能精確的控制應(yīng)用系統(tǒng);用戶自定義圖庫功能可以不受限制擴(kuò)充圖庫或新建圖庫,以滿足不同行業(yè)的需求;漸進(jìn)顏色的使用,將用戶帶入三維立體世界;真正的 32 位應(yīng)用程序,智能型人機(jī)接口軟件系統(tǒng),以 Microsoft Windows 98/2022/NT 中文平臺(tái)作為其操作系統(tǒng)的全部強(qiáng)大功能。(3)全面性《世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件》可用于電力、通訊、制冷、化工、石油、機(jī)械制造、鋼鐵、煤炭、水泥、紡織、造紙、食品、水處理、建材、環(huán)保、智能樓宇、實(shí)驗(yàn)室、交通等多種工程領(lǐng)域。(2)方便性《世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件》的網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能使企業(yè)的基層和其它部門建立起聯(lián)系,現(xiàn)場操作人員和工廠管理人員都可以看到各種數(shù)據(jù)。 《世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件》集強(qiáng)大功能和使用方便于一體。它通過實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理從工業(yè)控制對(duì)象采集到的各種數(shù)據(jù),并把數(shù)據(jù)的變化用動(dòng)畫的方式形象地表示出來,同時(shí)