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興城水泵公司成本控制問題研究畢業(yè)論文成本預(yù)算(參考版)

2025-06-27 04:25本頁面
  

【正文】 s figures. It is, therefore, in management39。s employee report also received its published accounts and most of them considered that there was very little information in the former. Although both published accounts and employee reports suffer from a high level of aggregation, the same is not true for the other sources of information in Table 2. Internal accounting reports and order books contain information about individual panies or mills, while work study reports provide details relevant to a single shed within a mill or even a group of machines. The pattern of disclosure for internal accounting reports and order books was remarkably similar. All the District Secretaries reported that most panies allowed them access to internal accounting information and to information about the quantity and value of future orders. However, only one District Secretary said that he received this information without having to make a specific request and there were a few panies, again small, privatelyowned ones, who consistently refused to disclose this information. Under the provisions of the Employment Protection Act, 1975 and the related ACAS Code of Practice No. 2, 1977,panies are required to disclose all information requested by trade union representatives which would not cause substantial injury to the pany. It appears that some of the small panies were taking advantage of this exclusion clause on the grounds that the information was confidential and could, if made publicly available, reduce the petitiveness of the pany. The District Secretaries who had been refused information on these grounds never took the issue further, for example to the Central Arbitration Committee of ACAS, because they were usually able to estimate the information they required from other sources, often from direct observation of the production in the mill. Although most District Secretaries had access to information from the internal accounting reports and order books of panies in their District, the type of access given, in effect the nature of the disclosure, differed between panies. Most panies were willing to give verbal summaries of the information requested, for example profits for the month, but very few panies allowed the District Secretaries directly to inspect the documents themselves. The provision of only verbal summaries of these reports prevented the District Secretaries from undertaking any detailed analysis of their contents, perhaps with the aid of an independent expert, and consequently may have reduced the extent to which these information sources were used in their decision making. Secretary who often calls in the ATWU39。national39。 federation, the British Textile Employers39。national39。 and the assessment by the ATWU decision makers of the usefulness of that information. The final section offers some suggestions, based on the evidence reported, for improvements in the quantity and type of accounting information which corporate management should be willing to disclose if they want trade union decision makers to take into consideration corporate financial performance in their collective bargaining decisions. The Amalgamated Textile Workers39。 Union (ATWU) which represents most of the manual workers in the Lancashire cotton industry. The paper is divided into six sections. The first section presents some background material on the ATWU, and the industry in which it operates. The second section describes the research design and the manner in which the investigation was conducted. The next three sections report the research findings, namely: the extent of information disclosure by panies in the Lancashire cotton industry。附錄BAn Empirical Investigation of Disclosure, Usage and Usefulness of Corporate Accounting Information by Michael Sherer, Alan Southworth and Stuart Turley from 169。但會計信息也是一個政治問題,因為它必須增加的數(shù)額提供的資料。然而,有技術(shù)和政治問題是提供分類的信息中心要求。在特別的情況下合并報表是一整個集團公司唯一帳戶,但它也是一個單一的多工廠公司。此外,增加值報表,其中莫利主張應(yīng)該被用來作為衡量支付能力生產(chǎn)力談判,可以很容易地衡量現(xiàn)金流量,從而明確的精確的貨幣獎勵,每個參與者在該組織收到了附加價值。福利和maunders認為,支付能力的工業(yè)關(guān)系應(yīng)該被定義為“可分配的操作流程的最低要求”這是未來現(xiàn)金流量概念,是屬于績效測量。雖然負責培訓談判主要在于工會,可以說,在某些情況下管理者本身應(yīng)考慮采用的作用,因為他們可以受益,如果會計教育工作者工會官員更充分了解公司的財務(wù)績效。在這方面,有人可能認為員工報告已經(jīng)提供了一個簡要的金融結(jié)果,但我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),他們使用的是少數(shù)信息來源的報表。 許多地區(qū)的秘書在我們的研究指出,他們無法理解會計信息報告。盡管有這些警告,我們的研究結(jié)果表明,現(xiàn)有的會計報告有一些不足,限制其效用的工會決定,這可能減少他們使用的程度。其次,會計報告可能包含的信息相關(guān)的工會談判,但這一信息可更容易和更迅速地從其他來源獲知,例如工會成員自己。會計信息,尤其是包含在正式的會計報告里的信息,被認為比其他類型的信息相比不那么重要,它需要解釋的非常小心。個人之間的關(guān)系,工會談判和人才管理是管理風格和管理方式一個方面,而是否是在確定披露政策一個解釋變量,顯然是一個領(lǐng)域,需要進行進一步的研究。由于蘭開夏棉業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)決策在atwu,大多數(shù)集體討價還價的談判,通常是工廠經(jīng)理。一些實證支持這一討論,包括福特汽車公司、運輸和普通工人聯(lián)盟,工會代表他們自己的偏見來拒絕信息定價政策,支持他們的工資要求。 因此,工會談判作出決定披露管理可能本身不具備損害的能力。如果這樣的拒絕了,工會可以參考中央仲裁委員會,直到1978年底,有74例已提交。 1975的英國的就業(yè)保護法是信息披露的主要法例,就業(yè)法規(guī)定,雇主一般責任信息披露要求由工會代表。我們的調(diào)查結(jié)果是來自一個單一的個案研究,并因此可能無法有效反應(yīng)范圍之外的atwu和蘭開夏棉業(yè)。由區(qū)秘書提供一些有關(guān)會計信息使用少于其他信息來源的主觀證據(jù)的有關(guān)決定。令人驚訝的是,沒有本區(qū)秘書提到關(guān)于“附加值”的決定,雖然有人建議,這一措施的公司業(yè)績可能與工資特別相關(guān)聯(lián)。 這里有一個普遍認為,利潤反映一個公司的支付能力,這是一個未來生存的關(guān)鍵指標??磥?,一些小公司利用這種排除條款為由,它們認為信息是保密的,如果公開就會降低了公司的競爭力。這是根據(jù)1975年的就業(yè)保護法案及1977年的相關(guān)粘附守則規(guī)定的。雖然公布的決算和員工報告是屬于高水平報告,但是還是不能完全披露其他有用的信息來源,所有地區(qū)秘書報告說,大多數(shù)公司允許他們訪問內(nèi)部會計信息,信息的數(shù)量和價值的未來訂單。再次,大企業(yè)或公開掛牌公司生產(chǎn)并派出員工報告區(qū)秘書的時,發(fā)表的年度報告所提交的信息只對本集團作為一個整體并不會完全披露給區(qū)秘書。最后的問卷調(diào)查中使用結(jié)構(gòu)化訪談,確定了七個來源的信息。隨后,試點調(diào)查的三個區(qū)秘書主要進行了確定了最常用的決策領(lǐng)域和信息源,然后將主要內(nèi)容列入調(diào)查問卷。 使用根據(jù)預(yù)先編碼的結(jié)構(gòu)式訪談?wù){(diào)查了十八個區(qū)在1979年八、九月份的秘書職務(wù)。此外,生產(chǎn)過程仍然是相當密集的。Atwu的會員國,在個別地區(qū),已大幅下降,在過去二十年中反映了蘭開夏棉業(yè)持續(xù)收縮下降的狀況。在研究時的總?cè)藬?shù)是十八區(qū)工會官員。 每個地區(qū)內(nèi)的atwu各由一個稱為區(qū)委秘書全職的工會官員負責,1979年的atwu有十七個地區(qū)。然而,大多數(shù)的集體談判不是由談判委員會在國家當?shù)鼗虻貐^(qū)級一級的工會官員決定。紡織工人聯(lián)盟其實實質(zhì)上一個松散的聯(lián)邦獨立的工會,它代表這紗廠,主要的人員集中在一個地理區(qū)域。最后一節(jié)提供了一些建議,在證據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上的報告,改進的數(shù)量和類型的會計信息,公司治理應(yīng)該愿意透露他們是否想將工會決策者考慮到企業(yè)財務(wù)業(yè)績的決定。第一部分介紹了一些背景材料,和行業(yè)中運作。研究方法是個案研究法,研究在蘭開夏棉業(yè)代表大多數(shù)手工工人的合并紡織工人聯(lián)盟(atwu)。 Emerald Backfiles 2007 本文所闡述的是關(guān)于工會決策者的企業(yè)會計信息的一項實證調(diào)查。還要感謝長期以來給我諸多幫助的同學們,你們的友情將是我一生最值得珍惜的財富和最值得懷念的情感。恩師嚴謹?shù)闹螌W態(tài)度、科學的治學方法、淵博 受益。 首先感謝我的導師。致謝時光飛逝,兩年的學習生活轉(zhuǎn)眼已將結(jié)束。第一個方面,完善成本控制的相關(guān)保障體系;另一方面為加強原材料成本控制降低材料成本單耗。并對這兩個問題進行分析并解決這些問題。本文以興城水泵公司的成本控制為主,對現(xiàn)在水泵制造企業(yè)成本控制的現(xiàn)狀以及產(chǎn)生的問題及其原因進行了全面地分析,并提出了解決的辦法。5 結(jié)論 在新經(jīng)濟環(huán)境下,生產(chǎn)條件的變化、高技術(shù)的運用,給水泵制
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