【正文】 s with a series of successful SCM market, the result will be a drastic change! Just because you are prepared by microputer programs can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability! As the microcontroller on the costsensitive, so now the dominant software or the lowest level assembly language, which is the lowest level in addition to more than binary machine code language, and as so low why is the use? Many highlevel language has reached the level of visual programming Why is not it? The reason is simply that there is no home puter as a single chip CPU, not as hard as a mass storage device. A visualization of small highlevel language program is only one button on it though, will reach tens of K in size! For the home PC39。s with the United States developed 74 series, or the 6039。附錄2 英文參考資料　　SCM is an integrated circuit chip, is the use of large scale integrated circuit technology to a data processing capability of CPU CPU random access memory RAM, readonly memory ROM, a variety of I / O port and interrupt system, timers / timer functions (which may also include display driver circuitry, pulse width modulation circuit, analog multiplexer, A / D converter circuit) integrated into a silicon constitute a small and plete puter systems. 　　SCM is also known as microcontroller (Microcontroller), because it is the first to be used in industrial control. Only a single chip by the CPU chip developed from a dedicated processor. The first design is by a large number of peripherals and CPU on a chip in the puter system, smaller, more easily integrated into a plex and demanding on the volume control device which. The Z80 INTEL is the first designed in accordance with this idea processor, then on the development of microcontroller and dedicated processors will be parting ways. 　　Are 8bit microcontroller early or 4 bits. One of the most successful is the INTEL 8031, for a simple, reliable and good performance was a lot of praise. Then developed in 8031 out of MCS51 MCU Systems. SCM systems based on this system until now is still widely used. With the increased requirements of industrial control field, began a 16bit microcontroller, but not ideal because the cost has not been very widely used. After 90 years with the great development of consumer electronics, microcontroller technology has been a huge increase. With INTEL i960 series, especially the later series of widely used ARM, 32bit microcontroller quickly replace highend 16bit MCU status and enter the mainstream market. The traditional 8bit microcontroller performance have been the rapid increase capacity increase pared to 80 the number of times. Currently, highend 32bit microcontroller clocked over 300MHz, the performance catching the mid90s dedicated processor, while the average model prices fall to one . dollar, the most highend [1] model only 10 dollars. Modern SCM systems are no longer only in the development and use of bare metal environment, a large number of proprietary embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of SCM. The handheld puters and cell phones as the core processing of highend microcontroller can even use a dedicated Windows and Linux operating systems. SCM is more suitable than the specific processor used in embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of SCM is the world39?，F(xiàn)在有些工廠的技術(shù)人員或其它業(yè)余電子開發(fā)者搞出來的某些產(chǎn)品，不是電路太復(fù)雜，就是功能太簡單且極易被仿制?，F(xiàn)在，這種單片機(jī)的使用領(lǐng)域已十分廣泛，如智能儀表、實(shí)時(shí)工控、通訊設(shè)備、導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、家用電器等。因?yàn)樗w積小，通常都藏在被控機(jī)械的“肚子”里。這種計(jì)算機(jī)就是把智能賦予各種機(jī)械的單片機(jī)（亦稱微控制器）。它由主機(jī)、鍵盤、顯示器等組成?？梢哉f，二十世紀(jì)跨越了三個“電”的時(shí)代，即電氣時(shí)代、電子時(shí)代和現(xiàn)已進(jìn)入的電腦時(shí)代。 單片機(jī)在硬件資源方面的利用率必須很高才行，所以匯編雖然原始卻還是在大量使用。一個不是很復(fù)雜的功能要是用美國50年代開發(fā)的74系列，或者60年代的CD4000系列這些純硬件來搞定的話，電路一定是一塊大PCB板！但是如果要是用美國70年代成功投放市場的系列單片機(jī)，結(jié)果就會有天壤之別！只因?yàn)閱纹瑱C(jī)的通過你編寫的程序可以實(shí)現(xiàn)高智能，高效率，以及高可靠性！ 由于單片機(jī)對成本是敏感的，所以目前占統(tǒng)治地位的軟件還是最低級匯編語言，它是除了二進(jìn)制機(jī)器碼以上最低級的語言了，既然這么低級為什么還要用呢？很多高級的語言已經(jīng)達(dá)到了可視化編程的水平為什么不用呢？原因很簡單，就是單片機(jī)沒有家用計(jì)算機(jī)那樣的CPU，也沒有像硬盤那樣的海量存儲設(shè)備。 單片機(jī)芯片單片機(jī)是靠程序運(yùn)行的，并且可以修改。我們現(xiàn)在用的全自動滾筒洗衣機(jī)、排煙罩、VCD等等的家電里面都可以看到它的身影！它主要是作為控制部分的核心部件。同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)使用單片機(jī)是了解計(jì)算機(jī)原理與結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳選擇。概括的講：一塊芯片就成了一臺計(jì)算機(jī)。單片機(jī)又稱單片微控制器,它不是完成某一個邏輯功能的芯片,而是把一個計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)集成到一個芯片上。而個人電腦中也會有為數(shù)不少的單片機(jī)在工作。現(xiàn)代人類生活中所用的幾乎每件電子和機(jī)械產(chǎn)品中都會集成有單片機(jī)。單片機(jī)比專用處理器更適合應(yīng)用于嵌入式系統(tǒng)，因此它得到了最多的應(yīng)用。當(dāng)代單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)不再只在裸機(jī)環(huán)境下開發(fā)和使用，大量專用的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)被廣泛應(yīng)用在全系列的單片機(jī)上。而傳統(tǒng)的8位單片機(jī)的性能也得到了飛速提高，處理能力比起80年代提高了數(shù)百倍。90年代后隨著消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品大發(fā)展，單片機(jī)技術(shù)得到了巨大提高?；谶@一系統(tǒng)的單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)直到現(xiàn)在還在廣泛使用。其中最成功的是INTEL的8031，因?yàn)楹唵慰煽慷阅懿诲e獲得了很大的好評。INTEL的Z80是最早按照這種思想設(shè)計(jì)出的處理器，從此以后，單片機(jī)和專用處理器的發(fā)展便分道揚(yáng)鑣。單片機(jī)由芯片內(nèi)僅有CPU的專用處理器發(fā)展而來。參考文獻(xiàn)1 于殿泓. 王新年．單片機(jī)原理與程序設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)教程[M]．西安：西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2007. 8．2 趙文博. 劉文濤．單片機(jī)語言C51程序設(shè)計(jì)[M]．北京：人民郵電出版社，2005. 10．3 周航慈. 單片機(jī)應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)[M]. 北京：北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社，2011. 2．4 李朝青. 單片機(jī)原理及接口技術(shù)[M]. 北京：北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社, 2005. 10．5 孫育才. 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Anaerobic dechlorination and mineralization of PCP and 2,4,6trichlorophenol by the methanogenic PCPdegrading granules Volume 44,2004.9 彭為. 單片機(jī)典型系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例精講[M]. 北京：電子工業(yè)出版社，2006.10 潘永雄. 新編單片機(jī)原理與應(yīng)用[M]. 西安：西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2003.11 童詩白. 華成英. 模擬電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社，2000.12 樊昌. 曹麗娜. 通信原理[M]. 北京：國防工業(yè)出版社，2007.附錄1 譯文　　單片機(jī)是一種集成在電路芯片，是采用超大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)把具有數(shù)據(jù)處理能力的中央處理器CPU隨機(jī)存儲器RAM、只讀存儲器ROM、多種I/O口和中斷系統(tǒng)、定時(shí)器/計(jì)時(shí)器等功能（可能還包括顯示驅(qū)動電路、脈寬調(diào)制電路、模擬多路轉(zhuǎn)換器、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器等電路）集成到一塊硅片上構(gòu)成的一個小而完善的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。感謝學(xué)院實(shí)訓(xùn)樓的管理員老師為我們的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)提供的方便。他嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度和淵博的知識儲備，不但令我敬佩，同時(shí)也給我留下了深刻的印象。 感謝我的導(dǎo)師，徐秋景老師在我畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的各個階段，給我提出了許多寶貴的建議，不厭其煩的為我解答一個又一個的疑問，在我整個畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)知識指導(dǎo)與設(shè)計(jì)思想方面，給了我很大的幫助。通過此次設(shè)計(jì)，我在軟、硬件設(shè)計(jì)與測試方面有很大收獲。這些都為我今后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作留下了積極的影響。（3）沒有擴(kuò)展更多電路，如日歷時(shí)鐘電路、通訊接口電路等。（2）系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)不夠優(yōu)化，有待改善。（3）采用面向?qū)ο蟮乃枷耄謱哟?、分模塊構(gòu)建設(shè)計(jì)的總體框架。結(jié) 論一、 主要工作及結(jié)論（1）熟悉AT89C51單片機(jī)功能及工作特性，掌握其接口擴(kuò)展方法。通過本章，我回顧了自己在設(shè)計(jì)中犯下的錯誤，豐富了自己的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。還講述了在調(diào)試過程中主要遇到的問題及解決方法。本章小結(jié)本章主要介紹了軟調(diào)試過程中，應(yīng)用到的工具及調(diào)試環(huán)境。因此，Proteus 有較高的推廣利用價(jià)值。使用Proteus 軟件進(jìn)行單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)仿真設(shè)計(jì), 是虛擬仿真技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)多媒體技術(shù)相結(jié)合的綜合運(yùn)用，有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的電路設(shè)計(jì)能力及仿真軟件的操作能力?？墒乖O(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間大為縮短、耗資大為減少，也可降低工程制造的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。（3）隨著科技的發(fā)展，“計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技