【正文】
) aim常指短期目標,往往比較具體,也比較實際。) goal指經過仔細考慮而選中的比較大的目標,常需要努力或克服困難才能達到的目的。) , goal, aim, end, object purpose目的,意圖,比較確定,多指采取堅決的行動去達到目的。) likely暗示從表面跡象來判斷“有可能的”。) possible強調客觀上可能性,但常帶有“實際可能性很小”的暗示。) , possible, likely probable很可能的,大概的,語氣較possible強。) reserve留存(在資金,人力,原料等),保留(權力等)。) conserve保存,儲藏,強調采取措施精心保護某物,防止不必要的浪費,損失或變化。如:He insisted on my going there with him. (He insisted that I should go there with him.) , conserve, reserve preserve堅持,后面常接介詞in。如:He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.(他雖然疲倦極了,可仍堅持工作。如:The flags are hung out on the occasion of the National Day.(每逢國慶節(jié),國旗都懸持出來了。如:You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.(你應該盡量利用你的機會去看看這個國家,學習它的語言。如:Even so, it was a lucky chance that he could do it.(即使如此,那也是他憑著僥幸才做到這點。如:The story took place in 1917.(故事發(fā)生在1917年。如:When did the explosion happen?(爆炸什么時候發(fā)生?) occur是較正式的用詞,主要用以指無計劃的發(fā)生。如:She saw him ing but she ignored him. , occur, take place 均表示“發(fā)生”。如:His services have been overlooked by his employers.(他的工作一直沒有得到雇主的重視。如:If others neglect their duty to you, be sure that you perform yours to them. (即使他人忽略了履行對你的義務,你也要履行你對他們的義務。 much可修飾名詞,very不能。 very much是much的加強語,因此,能用much的地方,都能用very much。 much用來修飾動詞意義很強的過去分詞;very一般修飾形容詞或已失去動作意義的過去分詞。如:The chemical works produced 5,000 tons of chemical fertilizer last year.(這家化工廠去年生產了5000噸化肥。) make做,制造,最常用詞,使用較廣泛。), make, produce manufacture制造,加工,較正式,通常表示把原料經過一定程度制成產品,多指使用機器大批生產。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(對一段文章的字面解釋) literary文學的。 lay作動詞時的過去式和過去分詞是laid, laid。) lie(躺)的過去式和過去分詞分別為lay, lain。) 98. lay, lie lay放,擱。) ultimate 最終的,最后的,用于正式場合,含有最高的和最有權威的結果。如:the latest news(最新消息) final最后的,指在一系列的事物中是最后的,而且是結論性的,決定性的。如:For what purpose do you learn English?(你學英文的目的是什么?) 97. last, latest, final, ultimate last最后的,與first相對,還可指“上一次的”。) 96. intention, idea, purpose intention主要指個人心里產生的做某事欲望或得到某物的想法,常見的搭配是have the intention of doing something. Idea指“意見”,“見解”。) effect用作動詞意為“造成”,“產生”,用作名詞強調由于影響而產生特殊效果。 influence可作動詞、名詞,指對某人的思想行為、性格等產生影響。如:He is an industrious student.(他是個用功的學生。如:Italy is being an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成為工業(yè)國。如:This book is different from that one.(這本書跟那本不一樣。如:He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他從前不注意自己的外表。如:an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虛構人物) imaginative富于想象力力的。如:This is the only solution imaginable.(這是惟一想得出的解決辦法。如:He is of about the same age as you. 92. imaginable, imaginary, imaginative 都是與想象有關的形容詞。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.(她在兩種場合穿同樣的衣服。如:This sentence is equivalent to that. identical相同的,相等的,側重于某一細節(jié)上完全相同。 equal相同的,相等的,特指“數(shù)量,價值等”相同。如:East or west, home is best. House房子,住宅。如:Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard.hardly幾乎不,簡直不。如:More haste, less speed.(欲速則不達。) hurry急忙,匆忙,常表示混亂,焦急和忙亂的意思。 haste急速,急忙,多指人的動作迅速和匆忙。如:He hanged himself when he failed. Hang, hung, hung懸掛。 snatch“攫取”,指出其不意地,突然一把抓住并拿向自己。 grasp為常用詞,是用適度的力量抓牢。如:Howard had failed to obtain a scholarship.(霍華德沒能得到獎學金。如:They gained the victory after a bloody battle.(浴血奮戰(zhàn)后他們贏得了勝利。如:The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.(那科學家由于一次新發(fā)現(xiàn)而出了名。如:acquire knowledge(獲得知識)。如:He achieved his ambition in the end.(他最終實現(xiàn)了他的抱負。 get用得最廣,可指以各種方式獲得各種東西。如:As a novelist, he shows great talent in characterization.(作為小說家,他在描寫人物方面顯出很大的才能。如:He is a man of many gifts.(他多才多藝。 genius天才,是這三詞中程度最高的詞。 [注意]一般表示“看”的單詞大多同at搭配構成短,但glimpse卻有catch (have) a glimpse of這一搭配。 glare“怒視”,是兇狠地含有威脅地盯著看。 gaze“凝視”,強調由于驚奇、興趣,目不轉睛地注視。如:Please accept this as a token of my sincere gratitude.(請接受這份表示我真誠感謝的禮物。如:We want your honest opinion, not empty pliments.(我們需要你的誠心懇的意見,而不是空洞的恭維。如:To be frank with you, I do not know the answer myself.(老實說,我自己也不知道答案。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher. 82. frank, honest, sincere 都與坦率有關。) fell也可作fall的過去式;fell作“砍伐”時,它的過去式,過去分詞分別為felled, felled. 81. formally, formerly formally正式地。) 80. fell, fall fell砍伐(樹木)。) reputation名譽,指公眾對某人的看法,可好可壞。) honor榮譽,尊敬,指受到公眾崇敬的榮譽和光榮。 fame是常用詞,一般指好的名聲。如:He descended the hill.(他下山了。如:She slipped and fell down.(她滑了一下摔倒了。) 78. fall, descend 都可表向下運動。) substitute則表示“用……代替”。 replace的含義為“替換”,“取代”。) 77. exchange, replace, substitute 均含有“換”之意。) specially 多表示“專門地”,“為特別目的的地”,如表“不尋?!保斑^分”等,可與especially通用。) particularly往往著重說明與同類事物不同的個別事物。 especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過其他事物。如:In spite of his shortings, I still like him.(盡管他缺點多,我仍然喜歡他。)構成短語 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。 fault表示“過失”,可與error通用,現(xiàn)多用來指缺點,特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。 error是通用詞,指任何錯誤,“犯錯誤”可以說mit /make an error。如:They have withstood all test.(他們經受了一切考驗。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果繼續(xù)這樣下去的話,我決不會容忍他。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(沒事干,她受不了。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦難需要耐力。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是難以忍受的。 74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand 都表忍受,忍耐。如:This morning exercise has bee my everyday routine. every day每天(作狀語)。 Emergency意為“緊急情況”,“突然事件”。如:electrical engineering(電機工程);an electrical transcription(廣播唱片) electronic 電子的,電子操作的。如:He is economical of money and time. 71. electric, electrical, electronic 三詞都與電有關 electric著重于發(fā)電的,電動的或導電的。) 70. economic, economical economic經濟(學)的。 efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,著重有效地利用時間、精力并取得預期效果。 effective常用以指物,強調能產生某種預期的效果。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承擔打破花瓶的全部責任。 duty意義較廣,多指發(fā)自內心的道德倫理上的責任感。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area. invent發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造。如:Have you ever been to a desert? Dessert甜食。如:Success is dependent on your hard work. Independent 不依靠的,獨立的(of)。如:He won’t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。如:The swelling decreased daily.(腫脹日漸消退。)另外,ruin的復數(shù)形式ruins表“廢墟”。) ruin為正式用詞,強調由于自然力或時間的作用而逐漸損壞,用于比喻時也指徹底毀壞名聲,期望等。) harm多指帶來悲痛,產生惡果的傷害,可以是肉體的也可是精神的。 destroy指十分徹底的毀壞,破壞。) 63. damage, destroy