商業(yè)倫理學(xué)ppt課件(參考版)
2025-01-24 23:36本頁面
【正文】 : ? Replacement use alternative methods, . testing on cell cultures ? Reduction use statistics to reduce the number of animals that must be used for each experiment ? Refinement improve the experiment to reduce animal suffering Ways…… Using Cell Cultures Safety tests using human cells are more accurate than animal tests. In fact, a new pany now offers methods for developing new drugs without the use of animals at all. Replacing Animals in Safety Tests Rat LD50 tests—lethal dose tests that measure the dose of a chemical that kills 50 percent of the animals given it—were only 59 percent accurate, and mouse tests were about 70 percent accurate. But the average human cell test was 77 percent accurate. Accuracy was boosted to 80 percent when results from three different human cell tests were bined. Using New Technologies New scanning technologies (such as Magic Resonance Imaging) can help doctors learn about disease from human patients without the need for invasive surgery, or animal testing. InVitro Research An enormous amount of valuable invitro (test tube) research is conducted today. Cell and tissue cultures are used to screen anticancer and antiAIDS drugs and to test for product irritancy. The AIDS virus was isolated in human serum, and in vitro methods are providing new insights into the virus39。 In 1959, British zoologist William M. S. Russell and microbiologist Rex L. Burch published The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, in which they put forth the 39。t feel pain? We want to know if the standards on human beings is applicable to animals. We cannot tolerate the errors in researches on human beings, but why can we tolerate the errors in the evaluation of researches on animals? seek the better balance between scientific needs and animals protecting The 39。s Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS 1996)。t make it morally right to experiment on a plete stranger! ? If the experiment cannot be avoid, at least we should
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