軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)信息共享體系結(jié)構(gòu)sharedinformation(參考版)
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【正文】 43 2020/11/4 Hearsay II Structure 169。 41 2020/11/4 Hearsay II ? Complex blackboard system to deal with arbitrary speech recongition (a difficult problem): ? Ambiguity in segmentation（音節(jié)分割問題） : “Mary?s truck” versus “Mary struck” ? Ambiguity in stress（重音問題） : “disease” versus “dizzies” ? Ambiguity in grammar（語法問題） : “The horse raced past the barn fell” ? Ambiguity in semantics（語義問題） : “I saw the man on the hill with the binoculars” 169。 39 2020/11/4 Example： The Puzzle Metaphor 169。 links between objects on same or different levels 分層；鏈接同層或不同層的對象 169。 36 2020/11/4 Knowledge Sources ? Objective: ? contribute knowledge that leads to solution 提供解決問題的知識 ? Representation: ? procedures, sets of rules, logic assertions 過程、規(guī)則、邏輯斷言 ? Action: ? modify only the blackboard (or control data magic) 只修改黑板 ? Responsibility: ? know when it?s possible to help 知道何時能發(fā)揮作用 ? Selection: ? looselycoupled subtasks, or areas of specialization 低耦合的子任務，或者有特別的能力 169。 34 2020/11/4 Blackboard Problem Characteristics ? no direct algorithmic solution 沒有直接的算法可解 ? multiple approaches to solving the problem 多種方法都可能解決問題 ? various domain expertise required to solve the problem 需要多個領(lǐng)域的專門知識協(xié)作解決 ? uncertainty ? error and variability in data and solution 數(shù)據(jù)和解決方法可能錯誤或變化 ? moderate to low “signaltonoiseratio” in data 數(shù)據(jù)中信噪比的變化 ? Uncertainty interferes with algorithmic solutions 算法接口的變化 169。 32 2020/11/4 Blackboard Architecture ? Key ideas ? knowledge shared and distributed among some number of cooperating processes 知識在一些協(xié)作的 processes之間共享和分布 ? opportunistic processing of data 機會主義地處理數(shù)據(jù) ? The Blackboard Architecture have 3 major ponents ? knowledge sources （知識源） ? blackboard （黑板） ? control （控制） ? Historical examples: ? Hearsay I, Hearsay II, HASP/SAIP, CRYSALIS, ATOME ? Originally most were from signal processing/interpretation domains （信號處理、專家系統(tǒng)、模式識別領(lǐng)域經(jīng)常采用） 169。 30 2020/11/4 The Blackboard Model ? Knowledge Sources ? Problemappropriate knowledge partitioned into separate, independent putations 把問題分成幾個部分，每個部分獨立計算 ? React to changes in blackboard 響應黑板上的變化 ? Blackboard Data Structu
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