【正文】 5. the whole oil type shock absorbers. 【 The structure of shock absorber】 The structure of shock absorber piston rod with a tube inserted in the tubeinfull of oil. Orifice Pistons have made have been separated from the piston space of two parts oil to each viscous damping is through the oil produced Orifice, Orifice smaller, the greater the damping force, the greater the viscosity of oil, the greater the damping force. Orifice size if the same work faster when the shock absorber, the damping influence of the General Assembly had to absorb a result, the exit of Orifice to set up a diskshaped valve spring, when the pressure change when the top valve was opened, Orifice opening larger, smaller damping. As the piston is a twoway movement, so both sides are equipped with piston valve spring, respectively, called the pression valve and valve done. Shock absorber according to their structure can be divided into double and single tubetype. Binoculartype shock absorber means there are both inside and outside the two cylinders, pistons, including tubeinmovement, as a result of the entry and out 43 piston rod, the volume of oil inside the cylinder increases with the contraction, it should be exchanged with the outer tube to maintain balance within the cylinder oil. So have a double shock absorber in the fourvalve, that is, in addition to the abovementioned two throttle piston, there are both inside and outside the tube in a plete exchange between the valve and the flow pensation valve. Compared with the doubletype, single tubetype shock absorber simple structure, a reduction of a valve system. In the lower part of cylinder equipped with a floating piston, (the socalled floating piston rod means that there is no control over their movements), the following in the floating piston to form a sealed chamber, there are highpressure nitrogen charge. As a result of the abovementioned piston rod into and out of oil caused by a change in liquid height of floating through the floating piston to automatically addition to the abovementioned two types of shock absorber, there are adjustable shock absorber resistance. It can be changed through an external operation to the size of Orifice. Recently, the car will be electronically controlled shock absorber as a standardtype equipment, traveling through the sensor detection, and by a puter to calculate the best damping force, so that the damping force shock absorber to adjust automatically the work of institutions. The working principle of automobile shock absorbers: Suspension system ponents due to elastic vibration generated by the impact, in order to improve vehicle ride fort, suspension elastic element in parallel with the installation of shock absorber for the attenuation of vibration, automotive suspension systems are used in hydraulic shock absorber damping , and its working principle is that when the frame (or body) and the interaxle relative motion by vibration occur。 3. air type shock absorber。 41 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) [1]陳守慶 .摩托車減震器行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展策略 [J]. 摩托車技術(shù)， 2020， 5： 3238 [2]張冰蔚 ， 單春賢 .摩托車減震器示功圖測試與分析 [J]. 華東船舶工業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報， 2020， 14(4)： 5962 [3]仲敏波 .摩托車減震器阻尼特性熱力學(xué)模型的建立與流場模擬分析 [J]. 江蘇大學(xué) 學(xué)報，2020， 29(4)： 1480 [4]李洪亮 ,顧燦松 ,吳文江 ,馬冰玉 .基于 多體動力學(xué)的摩托車減振系統(tǒng)參數(shù)研究與優(yōu)化 設(shè) 計 [J].華東理工大學(xué)學(xué)報， 2020， 32(6):7881 [5]楊基忠 ,俞大衛(wèi) ,葉全勇 .減振器振動系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定 性分析與研究 [J].兵工學(xué)報，2020,77(1):4356 [6]姜水生 ,文 華 ,劉越琪 .減震器特性的統(tǒng)計模擬研究 [J].南昌大學(xué)學(xué)報，1999,21(2):929 [7] 汪通悅 .摩托車減震器動力特性研究 [J].現(xiàn)代機(jī)械， 2020， 4： 5660 [8] 劉愛紅 ,茹小元 .摩托車減震器總 成靜載荷特性分析 [J].摩托車技術(shù)， 2020， 4： 1114 [9] 劉愛紅 ,賀陽 .摩托車減震器阻力 _速度特性曲線常用種類及應(yīng)用 [J]. 摩托車技術(shù) ,2020,6:6571 [10]單春賢 ,張冰蔚 ,陸 勇 .摩托車前減震器阻尼特性數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立 [J].江蘇理工大學(xué)學(xué)報， 2020， 22(5):2632 [11]單春賢 ,仲敏波 ,吉恒松 ,邵 霞 .摩托車筒式減震器液壓阻尼特性的模擬與仿真 [J]. 江蘇理工大學(xué)學(xué)報 ,2020,28(1):2634 [12]周 臻 ,何正琛 .淺析摩托車減震器的 _軟 _與 _硬 _[J].成 都航空職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報，2020， 60(3):7983 [13]蔡家明 .液壓減振器阻力特性的非線性模擬及分析 [J].上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)， 1997， 2536 [14]汪通悅 ,曾 勵 ,顧乾坤 ,劉正塤 .液壓減震器動力特性的影響因素研究 [J].南京航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)報， 1999,31(4):6375 [15]袁長頌 .有限元法在減 振器建模中的應(yīng)用 [J].客車技術(shù)與研究 ,2020,2:1518 [16]趙國文 .沖擊載荷下裂紋曲軸的動力特性研究 [J]西安大學(xué)學(xué)報 ,2020,58(4):6368 [17]有限元法在減振 器建模中的應(yīng)用 [M].北京 ,中國鐵道出版社 ,2020 [18]振動學(xué)基礎(chǔ) [M].北京 ,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 ,2020 [19]摩托車技術(shù) [M].北京 ,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 ,2020 [20] [M].北京 ,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 ,2020 附錄 A 外文翻譯 原文部分 SHOCK ABSORBER 【 Introduction】 Shock Absorber Damper (Vibration Damper), shock absorber spring is mainly used to suppress rebound after the shockabsorbing shocks when the shocks from the road. After uneven pavement, while shockabsorbing spring can filter road vibration, but the spring itself will have reciprocating motion, which is used to control this kind of shock absorber spring absorber is too soft, the body will be jumping up and down, shock absorbers too hard or too much resistance will impede the normal work of the spring. Suspension system on the conversion process, the hardware and hardware to the shock absorber of the spring with, and the spring hardness is closely related with the weight, so heavier vehicles generally use the shock absorber cited the crankshaft and connected devices, used to counter the crankshaft torsional vibration (that is, by crank the ignition cylinder and twist the impact of the phenomenon). 【 Classification】 Shock Absorber From the shock absorber damping materials have divided this point there are two types of hydraulic and pneumatic, as well as a variabledamping shock absorber. Now the shock absorbers are: 1. Rubber shock absorber。在此謹(jǐn)向 平教授 和 黃 老師致以誠摯的謝意和崇高的敬意。從課題的選擇到項目的最終完成， 平教授 和 黃 老師都始終給予我細(xì)心的指導(dǎo)和 不懈的支持。 在論文寫作過程中，得到了 平學(xué)成 教授 、黃志剛 老師的親切關(guān)懷和耐心的指導(dǎo)。 3. 采 用動網(wǎng)格技術(shù)，模擬減震器在整個工作過程中內(nèi)部流場的變化情況。 2. 邊界條件的處理 :進(jìn)一步考慮各種不同的邊界條件，通過不同的算例來比 較。 3. 用有限元軟件