【正文】 。 ? 分，其詞性也應(yīng)該相一致。 ? 或： I hope to spend my vacation in either Beijing or Xi39。 ? 正： I hope to spend my vacation either in Beijing or in Xi39。 ? 1）誤： I hope either to spend my vacation in Beijing or Xi39。 ? 正： Knowing how to study and learning how to budget time is important for university students. ? 用 and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)詞性一致，都為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，符合平行結(jié)構(gòu)要求。常見(jiàn)的平行結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種情況： ? 1．兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列單詞、短語(yǔ)、或句子用 and連接，在句中作同一成分，包括主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等皆可。 ? Since we heard a number of amusing stories, our visit was thoroughly enjoyable. ? If a person is to remain healthy, a balanced diet is important. ? 下面列舉四種形式的垂懸修飾語(yǔ)及兩種修改的辦法： ? 1．分詞短語(yǔ) ? 誤： Looking out of the window, the grassland stretches as far as the eyes can reach. ? 正： Looking out of the window, we found the grassland stretched as far as the eyes could reach. ? 正： If you look out of the window, you will find the grassland stretches as far as the eyes can reach. ? 2．介詞 +動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) ? 誤： On entering the room, refreshments were being served. ? 正： On entering the room, I found that refreshments were being served. ? 正： When I entered the room, refreshments were being served. ? 3．不定式短語(yǔ) ? 誤： To play tennis well, the racket must be held properly. ? 正： To play tennis well, one must hold the racket properly. ? 正： If one wishes to play tennis well, he must hold the racket properly. ? 4．省略性子句 ? 誤： When only five years old, my father took me to a circus. ? 正： When only five years old, I was taken to a circus by my father. ? 正： When I was only five years old, my father took me to a circus. ? 第三 平行結(jié)構(gòu)（ Parallelism） ? 在一個(gè)句子中，有幾個(gè)表達(dá)相近或相對(duì)意義的并列成分時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用詞性一致的排比結(jié)構(gòu)，這就是寫(xiě)作中的平行結(jié)構(gòu)原則。因此這兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)詞組都成了各自句中的垂懸修飾語(yǔ)，在意義上是錯(cuò)誤的，改正的方法有二： ? 1．修飾主句中的主謂語(yǔ)部分，使與修飾語(yǔ)邏輯上的主語(yǔ)一致起來(lái)。形式有分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞 +動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語(yǔ)和省略性子句等四種。再如： ? When a person gets married, you take on new responsibilities. ? 此句的改法同上，也有兩種改法，即： ? When a person gets married, he takes on new responsibilities.（泛指） ? When you get married, you take on new responsibilities.(特指 ) ? 第二 垂懸修飾語(yǔ) ? （ Dangling Modifier） ? ? 垂懸修飾語(yǔ)是指一個(gè)句子中同其他詞沒(méi)有明顯修飾關(guān)系的成分。 ? Each member of the board will have an opportunity to submit their own plan. ? 代詞 their應(yīng)改為 his，與前述詞 each member保持單數(shù)第三人稱的一致。 therefore, it is absolutely necessary for us to save and protect them. Secondly, in order to protect our environment from serious greenhouse effect, we need a lowcarbon emission. It is lowcarbon life that enables our next generations to live a better and superior life. ? What we should bear in mind is that the earth is mon home. Thus, every one is well advised to practice this lifestyle and there are several ways for us to do this. Firstly, every one is expected to cultivate their awareness of saving energy. Then, we are also hoped to help our families and friends to live a lowcarbon life. Only by doing so can we hope to create a world where all humans enjoy a clean and tidy environment. (185words) ? 第一課 指代（ Reference） ? ? 在同一句中，代詞與其指代的前述名詞應(yīng)在人稱、數(shù)、格上保持一致。 Some people are of the view that 觀點(diǎn) 1， while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點(diǎn) 2。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly bee a mon concern of the public). According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說(shuō)明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。 B． 產(chǎn)生的原因 C．對(duì)社會(huì)和我們生活的影響 D． 如何杜絕。 There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下參照 辯論文 的議論文寫(xiě)法 )。（ According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的影響）。 By saying that, they mean 對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。 B． 我不同意。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the disadvantages of X overweigh the advantages. In addition to the abovementioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的又一個(gè)壞處。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反對(duì) X 的第一個(gè)理由。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持 X 的第一個(gè)原因。一般可以 用一條斜線劃掉錯(cuò)詞 ，然后在其上方寫(xiě)出正確的，或者用膠帶或刀片之類輕輕將錯(cuò)詞去掉，然后在原位置寫(xiě)出正確的。要想避免內(nèi)容上的錯(cuò)誤，構(gòu)思時(shí)就要想好，落筆時(shí)就要謹(jǐn)慎。那么就需要留幾分鐘通讀一下，檢查和改正。如有同學(xué)寫(xiě) 09年真題第一段時(shí)寫(xiě)道： Some people think that names are important. They say that, if a person has a name, we can remember him. If he does not have a name, we cannot remember him. 這樣的作文倒是沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，但肯定也得不了高分。 應(yīng)盡量平時(shí)多練，以期在考場(chǎng)上也能很快想到一些有力的理由和貼切的例證。 語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，論據(jù)得當(dāng) (concise)：不要啰嗦，不要過(guò)于重復(fù)和堆砌。后面再加上兩三句論證的話。當(dāng)然有時(shí)候?yàn)榱苏撟C自然或擴(kuò)展字?jǐn)?shù)也可以加上一點(diǎn)鋪墊的句子。英語(yǔ)文章特別喜