【正文】 them e parks are not onl y am usi ng but also educati onal . Take the Pol ynesi an Cul tural Center (PCC) i n H awai i for exam pl e. It not onl y shows visi tors the Pol ynesi an way of li fe but al so protects their skil l s and culture for the future. Pol ynesia i s the nam e given to m any groups of sm al l isl ands that are spread about the Pacifi c O cean. The PCC i s set i n 42 acres of beautiful countrysi de where vi si tors can see seven different tradi ti onal Pol ynesi an i sl and vi l ages. Vil l agers from m any i sl and muni ti es e to show vi sitors thei r styles of dress and di fferent custom s. For exam ple, you can see di fferent skil ls of the vi l agers. You can l earn how they m ake cl othes from bark and how they cl im b very tal trees wi th thei r bare feet or see what ki nd of weddi ng cerem oni es they have. They also tel you about thei r soci al custom s and show you thei r cooki ng m ethods and thei r dances. Thei r m ost im portant ski l i s boatbuil di ng, whi ch al owed the i sl anders to explore al the isl ands i n the Pol ynesi an Triangl e. We know that i n their hi story they were sea travel ers m ovi ng from i sl and to i sl and. They were abl e to fi nd thei r way usi ng the smel of the wi n, the m ovem ents of the fish and seaweed, and the hei ght and di recti on of the waves. They were very cl ever sail ors. N ow they use those boatbuil di ng ski l s to m ake long boats and show the races and the battl es that they took part i n l ong ago. Al thi s hel ps keep the skil l s and the technol ogy of the i sland peopl e al i ve. 必修五 Uni t 1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor i n London—so expert, i ndeed, that he attended Queen Vi ctori a as her personal physi ci an. But he becam e i nspi red when he thought about hel pi ng ordi nary peopl e exposed to chol era. Thi s was the deadl y di sease of i ts day. N ei ther its cause nor i ts cure was understood. So m any thousands of terri fi ed peopl e di ed every tim e there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the chal l enge and sol ve this probl em . H e knew that chol era woul d never be control ed until i ts cause was found. H e becam e i nterested i n two theori es that possi bly expl ai ned how chol era kil l ed peopl e. The fi rst suggested that chol era m ulti pl i ed in the ai r. A cl oud of dangerous gas fl oated around until i t found i ts vi cti m s. The second suggested that peopl e absorbed thi s di sease i nto their bodi es wi th thei r m eal s. From the stom ach the di sease qui ckl y attacked the body and soon the affected person di ed. John Snow suspected that the second theory was corect but he needed evi dence. So when another outbreak hi t London in 1845, he was ready to begi n hi s enqui ry. As the di sease spread qui ckl y through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather i nform ati on. In two parti cul ar streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that m ore than 500 peopl e died i n ten days. H e was determi ned to fi nd out why. Fi rst he m arked on a m ap the exact pl aces where al the dead peopl e had li ved. This gave hi m a val uabl e cl ue about the cause of the di sease. Many of the deaths were near the water pum p i n Broad Street (especial y num bers 16, 37, 38 and 40) . H e also noti ced that som e houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cam bri dge Street) had had no deaths. H e had not foreseen thi s, so he m ade further i nvesti gati ons. H e di scovered that these peopl e worked i n the pub at 7 Cam bri dge Street. They had been gi ven free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pum p. It seem ed that the water was to bl am e. N ext, John Snow looked i nto the source of the water for these two strets. H e found that i t cam e from the ri ver pol l uted by the di rty water from London. H e imm ediately tol d the astoni shed people i n Broad Street to rem ove the handl e from the pum p so that i t coul d not be used. Soon afterwards the di sease sl owed down. H e had shown that chol era was spread by germs and not i n a cl oud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporti ng evi dence from two other deaths that were li nked to the Broad Street outbreak. A wom an, who had m oved away from Broad Stret, li ked the water from the pum p so m uch that she had i t deli vered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter di ed of chol era after dri nki ng the water. Wi th this extra evi dence John Snow was abl e to announce wi th certai nty that pol luted water carri ed the vi rus. To prevent thi s from happeni ng again, John Snow suggested that the source of al the water suppli es be exami ned. The water pani es were instructed not to expose peopl e to pol uted water any m ore. Final y “Ki ng Chol era” was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONARY TH EORY N icol aus Copernicus was fri ghtened and hi s m ind was confused. Al though he had tri ed to i gnore them , al l hi s m athem ati cal cal cul ati ons l ed to the sam e concl usi on: that the earth was not the centre of the sol ar system. O nl y i f you put the sun there di d the m ovem ents of the other pl as i n the sky m ake sense. Yet he coul d not tel l anyone about hi s theory as the powerful Chri sti an Church woul d have puni shed him for even suggesti ng such an i dea. They bel ieved God had m ade the worl d and for that reason the earth was speci al and m ust be the centre of the solar system . The probl em arose because astronom ers had noti ced that som e pl as i n the sky seem ed to stop, m ove backward and then go forward i n the loop. O thers appeared bri ghter at ti m es and l ess bri ght at others. Thi s was very strange i f the earth was the centre of the sol ar system and al pl as went round i t. Coperni cus had thought l ong and hard about these probl ems and tri ed to fi nd an answer. H e had col lected observati ons of the stars and used al l hi s m athem ati c