【正文】 此處要考的是考生閱讀中的推斷能力，也就是說題中所考單詞的詞義 必定能根據(jù)上下文。而第二種情況下，考生往往落入命題專家的陷阱，不知不覺 地失了分，原因是考生并沒有掌握閱讀詞匯題的基本命題原則。”還有就是一看到單詞，立刻欣 喜不已：“哈哈，這么容易的單詞。因此在解題時(shí)，考生要牢牢抓住這句 話本身，弄清楚它的每個(gè)單詞、每個(gè)表達(dá)及整個(gè)句子所傳遞的信息，可以借助 周邊的句子 來幫助理解，但不要跑得太遠(yuǎn)。t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,” says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete39。t have changed May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. “We39。考生應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會舉一反三，不要 被各種原則的變化形式所迷惑。之后，幾乎每年的考題都有一至 兩道例證題，這就說明考研命題的一大特點(diǎn)，命題規(guī)則總是不斷重復(fù)的。例證題 1994年第一次出現(xiàn)在 考研試卷上，共兩道題，占 4分。類比在文中有兩種體現(xiàn)方式，一是明 喻，即 A像 B一樣；二是暗喻，說 A是 B，由于暗喻更加隱蔽，近年來命題專家也 越來越趨向于在暗喻內(nèi)容上設(shè)問。t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers . ［ A］ to improve their hard life ［ B］ in view of their long_distance travel ［ C］ to add some flavor to their own daily life ［ D］ out of a charitable impulse［ 1997年 57題］ C［正確答案］ 八、類比原則 議論文和說明文在論證說明事理的時(shí)候均很抽象，為了讓讀者更形象地理解一 些抽象的內(nèi)容，文章常會采用類比的手法。如果按閱讀習(xí)慣接著讀下面的句子或段落，無論看 多少遍也找不到答案。近幾年此類題目的問法開始轉(zhuǎn) 向隱蔽，但無論題目用何種方式設(shè)問，考生都應(yīng)當(dāng)記住，此類題目的答案的位 置必定在復(fù)指詞的上文中。s future is now in doubt. The world famous BBC now faces . ［ A］ the problem of new coverage［ B］ an uncertain prospect ［ C］ inquiries by the general public［ D］ shrinkage of audience ［ 1996年 55題］ B［正確答案］ 七、復(fù)指原則 在歷年的考題中，應(yīng)用復(fù)指原則設(shè)問的題目較多，此類題目的考點(diǎn)是復(fù)指代詞 或與復(fù)指副詞作用相同的詞。 例 Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is human kind39。一般說來轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容多與上文所表達(dá)的意思相反，而對比往往是強(qiáng)調(diào) 其中的一方。s guarantees the truthfulness of its information ［ C］ Straitford39。s where Straitford earns its keep. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that. ［ A］ Straitford39。ll suddenly get 500 new Inter sign_ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we39。 1. 段落首句推斷 例 Straitford president Gee Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster39。t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. “ Substance abuse”is preferable to “drug abuse” in that. ［ A］ substance can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used ［ B］ “ drug abuse” is only related to a limited number or drug takers ［ C］ alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine ［ D］ many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous［ 1997年 59題］ D［正確答案］ 五、段落原則 段落推斷原則考查考生對段落內(nèi)容的理解，分為兩類題型：段落首句推斷和段 落中句子推斷。 life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30_minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health_care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. What is implied in the first sentence? ［ A］ Americans are better prepared for death than other people. ［ B］ Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before. ［ C］ Americans are over_confident of their medical technology. ［ D］ Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy. ［ 2020年 56題］ C［正確答案］ 我自己的 blog 里面有我自己的作文練習(xí)，歡迎各位給我指正 202015 14:44:00 ■編輯 zphou ： 等級： 文章： 43 滬元： 720 經(jīng)驗(yàn)： 375 門派：英語學(xué)習(xí)者 注冊： 2020826 悄悄話 網(wǎng)上商店 好友 信息 帖子集 轉(zhuǎn)帳 引用回復(fù) 直 接回復(fù) 第 3樓 有時(shí)一個(gè)自然段的主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段末，因此考點(diǎn)也相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)向末句。 回顧近幾年的考研閱讀題，細(xì)心的考生會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷年考研試卷中都有題目針對首 段第一句話設(shè)問，為什么會出現(xiàn)這種情況？原因很簡單，考研閱讀所選的文章 均是議論文和說明文，此類文章的文體要求在首段提出觀點(diǎn)、突出中心，因此 第一段就好像全篇文章的一個(gè)總 綱，確定了文章的主要內(nèi)容，而第一句話常常 是一個(gè)自然段的主題句，首段首句自然就成為?？记冶乜嫉囊粋€(gè)考點(diǎn)。實(shí)際上， 1996年第 62題命題也可以直接以下面的形式出現(xiàn)： The author39。只有 D選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)原文中 The “ shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the pany in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.“像這樣的‘持股人’對所 持股票公司雇用的工人的生活，思想和需求一無所知，他對資本與勞工關(guān)系沒 有什么好的影響?！币彩呛芸陀^的表述，沒有表明自己的態(tài)度?！边@是很客觀的表 述，在談到 landowners時(shí)說：“對資本與企業(yè)的如此大規(guī)模的非個(gè)人運(yùn)作大大 增加了作為一個(gè)階層的持股人的數(shù) 量及地位的重要性。s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. The author is most critical of . ［ A］ family firm owners ［ B］ landowners ［ C］ managers ［ D］ shareholders［ 1996年 62題］ D［正確答案］ 在談到 family firm owners 時(shí)，作者只是說：“通過雇用一大批專業(yè)人員，這 一變化適應(yīng)了新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求，防止了效率的下降。s movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “fortable” classes who had retired on their ines, and who had no relation to the rest of the munity except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders39。 例 In the last half of the nieenth century, “capital” and “ labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival anisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability pany with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so monly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, tow