【正文】 之前 。 過去的過去 → 過去完成時 2. 常用于賓語從句中。 (1). buy have (2). catch / get a cold have a cold (3). borrow / lend keep (5). put on be in (6). open be open (7). close be closed (8). fall asleep be asleep (9). join be a member of (10). die be dead (11). leave be away (12). end / finish be over (13). get / receive a letter from , hear from have a letter from 12 (五 )、短語辨析 1． have been in + 地點（一直住在某地） 2． have been to + 地點（曾經(jīng)去過某地，已回來） 3． have gone to + 地點（去某地了，現(xiàn)在不在這兒） 4. 注意： 地點副詞的前面不能加介詞 。 （三）、記號詞 1. (1). just 剛剛 (2). never 從不 (3). before 以前 (7). ever 曾經(jīng) (4). already 已經(jīng) (5). yet 已經(jīng) (6). not yet 還沒有 (8): 注意： just （現(xiàn)在完成時） just now（一般過去時） 2. since ,for ,how long（一段時間） ? 現(xiàn)在完成時 (1). since + 過去的具體時間 自從 …… .. (since two years ago ) 主句（ 現(xiàn)在完成時 ） + since + 從句（ 一般過去時 ） (2). for + 一段時間 長達(dá)。強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。句中 有過去的具體時間 yesterday, ago , last , when 等等。強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間，地點 (where 除外 )。 (2). 動作發(fā)生在過去，但 一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 。 主語（非三單） + don’t + 動原 。 主語（非三單） + 動原 。 (3). 狀語從句 主將 ←→ 從現(xiàn) 2. 記號詞 often (經(jīng)常 ) usually (通常 ) sometimes (有時 ) always (總是 ) every day (每天 ) every Sunday (每周星期天 ) 3. 第三人稱單數(shù) (三單 )： 11 he , she , it , 單數(shù)人，單數(shù)物 , 不定式、動名 詞、不定代詞作主語 ,謂語動詞用三單。 20. 一般現(xiàn)在時： 1. 哪些情況下使用一般現(xiàn)在 時？ (1). 經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或習(xí)慣。 (3). be + Ving 有些動詞，可以用進(jìn)行 時表一般將來時 。 只要是 延續(xù)性動詞 ←→ 過去 進(jìn)行時 只要是 非延續(xù)性動詞 ←→ 一般 過去時 The boy was playing (play) outside when it began (begin) to rain five days ago . I was watching (watch) TV while my mother was cooking (cook) yesterday . 19. 一般將來時： ： (1). be going to + V動原 打算做，準(zhǔn)備做。 be 動詞 肯定句： I/he/she/It was We/They/You were eg: I was a good student. He was from England. We were at home. 結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語（ 三單 ） +was+其他 主語（ 復(fù)數(shù) ） +were+其他 否定句： I /he/she/It wasn’t We/They/You weren’t 結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語（ 三單 ） +wasn’t+其他 主語（ 復(fù)數(shù) ） +weren’t+其他 一般疑問句： was I/he/she/It were We/They/You eg: Was I a good student? Was he from England? Were we at home? 結(jié)構(gòu)： Was+主語（ 三單 ） +其他 Were+主語（ 復(fù)數(shù) ） +其他 肯定回答： Yes, I/he/she/it was Yes, I/he/she/it were 否定回答： No,I/he/she/it wasn’t No,I/he/she/it weren’t 結(jié)構(gòu)： Yes+主語（ 三單 ） +was Yes+主語（ 復(fù)數(shù) ） +were 結(jié)構(gòu)： No+主語 （ 三單 ） +wasn’t No+主語（ 復(fù)數(shù) ） +weren’t 9 There be 句型 肯定句： There was …… There were …… eg: There was a book on the table two days ago. There were many students in the class last night. 否定句： There wasn’t …… There weren’t …… eg: There wasn’t a book on the table two days ago. There weren’t many students in the class last night. 一般疑問句： Was there…… Were there…… eg: Was there a book on the table two days ago? Were there many students in the class last night? 肯定回答： Yes, there was Yes, there were. 否定回答： No, there wasn’t No, there weren’t 肯定句： I did my homework yesterday. He watched TV at home. They played basketball. 結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +動詞過去分詞 +其他 否定句： I didn’t do my homework yesterday. He didn’t watch TV at home. They didn’t play basketball. 結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + didn’t+動詞原形 +其他 一般疑問句： Did I do my homework yesterday? Did he watch TV at home? Did they play basketball? 肯定回答： Yes, 主語 +did 否定回答： No, 主語 +didn’t 不規(guī)則動詞 的 變化： go wentgone take tooktaken have / has hadhad buy bough