【正文】 s responsibility inevitably falls on electrical, electronics manufacturers. From this point of view, Intel faded MCU development has its objective factors. In the development of MCU, the most famous manufacturers as the number of Philips Corporation. Philips pany in embedded applications, its great advantage, the MCS51 singlechip microputer from the rapid development of the microcontroller. Therefore, when we look back at the path of development of embedded systems, do not fet Intel and Philips in History. Embedded Systems Embedded system microcontroller is an independent development path, the MCU important factor in the 12 development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the solution on the chip。s with a series of successful SCM market, the result will be a drastic change! Just because you are prepared by microputer programs can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability! As the microcontroller on the costsensitive, so now the dominant software or the lowest level assembly language, which is the lowest level in addition to more than binary machine code language, and as so low why is the use? Many highlevel language has reached the level of visual programming Why is not it? The reason is simply that there is no home puter as a single chip CPU, not as hard as a mass storage visualization of small highlevel language program which even if only one button, will reach tens of K of size! For the home PC39。s with the United States developed 74 series, or the 6039。s dedicated processor, while the average model prices fall to one . dollars, the most highend [1] model only 10 SCM systems are no longer only in the development and use of bare metal environment, a large number of proprietary embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of SCM. The handheld puters and cell phones as the core processing of highend microcontroller can even use a dedicated Windows and Linux operating systems. SCM is more suitable than the specific processor used in embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of SCM is the world39。 9 The Introduce Of Single Chip Microputer SCM is also known as microcontroller (Microcontroller Unit), monly used letters of the acronym MCU that it was first used in industrial control. Only a single chip by the CPU chip developed from a dedicated processor. The first design is by a large number of peripherals and CPU on a chip in the puter system, smaller, more easily integrated into a plex and demanding on the volume control device which. INTEL39。 單片機在汽車設(shè)備領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用 單片機在汽車電子中的應(yīng)用非常廣泛，例如汽車中的發(fā)動機控制器，基于 CAN 總線的汽車發(fā)動機智能電子控制器， GPS 導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)， abs 防抱死系統(tǒng)，制動系統(tǒng)等等。如：音樂信號以數(shù)字的形式存于存儲器中（類似于 ROM），由微控制器讀出，轉(zhuǎn)化為模擬音樂電信號（類似于聲卡）。 在各種大型電器中的模塊化應(yīng)用 某些專用單片機設(shè)計用于實現(xiàn)特定功能，從而在各 種電路中進行模塊化應(yīng)用，而不要求使用人員了解其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。 在計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)和通信領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用 現(xiàn)代的單片機普遍具備通信接口，可以很方便地與計算機進行數(shù)據(jù)通信，為在計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)和通信設(shè)備間的應(yīng)用提供了極好的物質(zhì)條件，現(xiàn)在的通信設(shè)備基本上都實現(xiàn)了單片機智能控制，從手機，電話機、小型 程控交換機 、樓宇自動通信呼叫系統(tǒng)、列車無線通信、再到日常工作中隨處可見的移動電話，集群移動通信， 無線電 對講機等。 在工業(yè)控制中的應(yīng)用 用單片機可以構(gòu)成形式多樣的控制系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)。采用單片機控制使得儀器儀表數(shù)字化、智能化、微 8 型化，且功能比起采用電子或 數(shù)字電路 更加強大。因此，單片機的學(xué)習(xí)、開發(fā)與應(yīng)用將造就一批計算機應(yīng)用與智能化控制的科學(xué)家、工程師。 導(dǎo)彈 的導(dǎo)航裝置，飛機上各種儀表的控制，計算機的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊與數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，工業(yè)自動化過程的實時控制和數(shù)據(jù)處理，廣泛使用的各種智能 IC 卡 ，民用豪華轎車的安全保障系統(tǒng)， 錄像機 、 攝像機 、全自動洗衣機的控制，以及程控玩具、電子寵物等等，這些都離不開單片機。因此，對單片機的理解可以從單片微型計算機、單片微控制器延伸到單片應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。 3 嵌入式系統(tǒng) 單片機是嵌入式系統(tǒng)的獨立發(fā)展之路 ，向 MCU 階段發(fā)展 的重要因素，就是尋求應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)在芯片上的最大化解決；因此，專用單片機的發(fā)展自然形成了 SOC化趨勢。 Philips 公司以其在嵌入式應(yīng)用方面的巨大優(yōu)勢，將 MCS51從單片微型計算機迅速發(fā)展到微控制器。從這一角度來看，Intel逐漸淡出 MCU的發(fā)展也有其客觀因素。 (2