【正文】
為了使單片機(jī)正常工作,被鎖存的 EA 電平與這個(gè)引腳當(dāng)前輯電平一致。外文翻 譯 12 掉電模式 在掉電模式下,振蕩器停止工作,進(jìn)入掉電模式的指令是最后一條被執(zhí)行的指令,片內(nèi) RAM 和特殊功能寄存器的內(nèi)容在中指掉電模式前被凍結(jié)。程序會(huì)首先影響中斷,進(jìn)入中斷服務(wù)程序,執(zhí)行完中斷服務(wù)程序,并緊隨 RETI 指令后,下一條要執(zhí)行的指令就是使單片機(jī)進(jìn)入閑散工作模式,那條指令后面的一條指令。在閑散工作模式狀態(tài),中央處理器 CPU 保持睡眠狀態(tài),而所有片內(nèi)的外設(shè)仍保持激活狀態(tài),這種方式由軟件產(chǎn)生。這兩種方式是控制專(zhuān)用寄存器 PCON 中的 PD 和 IDL 位來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。這種情況下,外部時(shí)鐘脈沖接到 XTAL1 端,即內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘發(fā)生器的輸入端, XTAL2 則懸空。10PF,而如果使用陶瓷振蕩器建議選擇 40PF177。這個(gè)放大器與作為反饋元件的片外石英晶體或陶瓷諧振器一起構(gòu)成自然震蕩器。 2021屆電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)欲使中央處理器僅訪問(wèn)外部程序存儲(chǔ)器, EA 端必須保持低電平。此外,這個(gè)引腳會(huì)微弱拉高,單片機(jī)執(zhí)行外部程序時(shí),應(yīng)設(shè)置 ALE 無(wú)效。即使不訪問(wèn)外部存儲(chǔ)器, ALE 以時(shí)鐘震蕩頻率的 1/16 輸出固定的正脈沖信號(hào),因此它可對(duì)輸出時(shí)鐘或用于定時(shí)目的。外文翻 譯 9 WR RD P3 口還接收一些用于閃爍存儲(chǔ)器編程和程序校驗(yàn)的控制信號(hào)。閃爍編程或校驗(yàn)時(shí), P2 口接收高位地址和其它控制信號(hào)。對(duì)端口寫(xiě) “1”,通過(guò)內(nèi)部的電阻把端口拉到高電平,此時(shí),可作為輸入口。對(duì)端口寫(xiě) “1”,通過(guò)內(nèi)部的電阻把端口拉到高電平,此時(shí)可作為輸入口。 P0 口還能夠在訪問(wèn)外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器或程序存儲(chǔ)器時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)換地址和數(shù)據(jù)總線復(fù)用,并在這時(shí)激活內(nèi)部的上拉電阻。掉電方式保存隨機(jī)存取數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器中的內(nèi)容,但震蕩器停止工作并禁止其它所有部件的工作直到下一個(gè)復(fù)位。片內(nèi)含有 8 位中央處理器和閃爍存儲(chǔ)單元,有較強(qiáng)的功能的 AT89C51 單片機(jī)能夠被應(yīng)用到控制領(lǐng)域中。外文翻 譯 5 maximum voltage high and low time specifications must be observed. Figure 1. Oscillator Connections Figure 2. External Clock Drive Configuration Idle Mode In idle mode, the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the on chip peripherals remain active. The mode is invoked by software. The content of the onchip RAM and all the special functions registers remain unchanged during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated by any enabled interrupt or by a hardware reset. It should be noted that when idle is terminated by a hard ware reset, the device normally resumes program execution, from where it left off, up to two machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm takes control. Onchip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write to a port pin when Idle is terminated by reset, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port pin or to external memory. Powerdown Mode In the powerdown mode, the oscillator is stopped, and the instruction that invokes powerdown is the last instruction executed. The onchip RAM and Special Function Registers retain their values until the powerdown mode is terminated. The only exit from 2021屆電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻 譯 1 原文: The Introduction of AT89C51 Description The AT89C51 is a lowpower, highperformance CMOS 8bit microputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s highdensity nonvolatile memory technology and is patible with the industrystandard MCS51 instruction set. The onchip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogram