【正文】 親死后，亞歷山大自己成了國王。然而，許多城邦趁勢作亂，反對亞歷山大，于是他便率領(lǐng)一支軍隊奪回這些城邦。盡管他的軍隊僅有三千人，但是他贏得了所有戰(zhàn)役，許多敵方士兵投靠了他。公元前334年，他率領(lǐng)當(dāng)時已達(dá)四萬兩千人的軍隊進(jìn)入中東，接著是埃及，兵鋒所至，所向披靡。然后，他又將目光轉(zhuǎn)向東方，長驅(qū)直入印度，所到之處，攻無不克，戰(zhàn)無不勝。似乎沒有什么能夠阻止他控制整個世界。然而，他自己的軍隊對無休止的戰(zhàn)斗感到厭倦，拒絕再往前走，所以他不得不班師回朝。亞歷山大30歲時便已占領(lǐng)了遼闊的疆域，前無古人，前面似乎還有更大的輝煌在等著他?？墒牵?23年，他發(fā)燒病倒，不治身亡。由于他沒有兒子，他的將軍們便瓜分了他龐大的王國。亞歷山大大帝將希臘文化從歐洲傳播到非洲和亞洲，在此后的數(shù)個世紀(jì)中影響了整個世界。在新疆北部發(fā)現(xiàn)的希臘士兵塑像也許是在公元前4世紀(jì)因貿(mào)易而來到中國的。像許多顯示希臘影響力的其他古代文物一樣，它現(xiàn)在烏魯木齊的一家博物館展出。西方哲學(xué)之父“哲學(xué)”一詞意為“熱愛智慧”。哲學(xué)可被認(rèn)為是觀察我們周圍世界的一種方式，或是解答人生重大問題的一種方式，如：“我們?yōu)槭裁磿谶@里?”以及“什么是真理?”西方哲學(xué)之父是蘇格拉底(公元前4 69—公元前3 99年)。蘇格拉底是希臘雅典人。在年輕時，他是一名勇敢的士兵。后來，他成了一名教師，但他教書卻不收費(fèi)，靠當(dāng)一名普通勞動者掙錢。除此以外，我們對他了解很少。由于他從不寫書，因此我們對他的哲學(xué)也知之甚少。然而，蘇格拉底對西方的思想和科學(xué)卻有著深刻的影響。為了理解這何以成真，我們必須搞清蘇格拉底是怎樣教學(xué)的。蘇格拉底通過提問進(jìn)行教學(xué)。通過這種方式，他盤問學(xué)生，要他們完善并闡釋自己的論點(diǎn)。很多時候，他的問題讓學(xué)生們意識到自己的錯誤。當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時，許多學(xué)生感到尷尬和氣憤，而另外一些學(xué)生則會改變他們的觀點(diǎn)。蘇格拉底探求真理的方式現(xiàn)在被稱作蘇格拉底問答法。提出一個個問題直至你得出正確答案的這一思路是現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)和科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。很不幸的是，蘇格拉底問得太多了。每遇到一個人，他都要提出一些難以回答的問題，惹惱了雅典的許多人。最后，一些人對他忍無可忍，于是便把他送上了法庭，罪名是質(zhì)疑希臘眾神的存在和腐蝕雅典的年輕人。在審判中，他卻向法官提出更多問題，以此為自己辯護(hù)。這更是雪上加霜。最后，他被迫喝下毒藥而被處死。由于他的死，蘇格拉底成了所有探求真理的人心目中的英雄。第二篇：牛津高中英語模塊1課文對照 翻譯 百度上傳牛津高中英語課文翻譯牛津高中英語模塊1課文翻譯M1 U1 Reading School life in the UK 在英國的學(xué)校生活Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for 。I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 ends about ，因為學(xué)校每天上午大約9點(diǎn)上課，下午大約3點(diǎn)半放學(xué)。This means I could get up an hour later than usual, as schools in China begin before 8 ，因為在中國學(xué)校每天上午8點(diǎn)之前就開始上課了。On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school ，所有的新生都去學(xué)校禮堂參加晨會。I sat next to a girl whose name was soon became best 。我們很快就成了最好的朋友。During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the ，校長向我們宣布了校規(guī)。He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high sounded like my school in ，贏得尊重的最佳途徑就是專心學(xué)習(xí)并取得好成績。這聽起來倒是像我在國內(nèi)就讀的學(xué)校。I had many teachers in the past Heywood, my class teacher, was very 。海伍德先生，我的班主任，對我的幫助很大。My favourite teacher was Miss Burke–I loved the lessons that she gave in English ——我喜愛她教的英國文學(xué)課程。In our class there were 28 is about the average size for British 。英國中學(xué)的班級差不多就是這么大。We had to move to different classrooms for different 。We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and ，班上的同學(xué)也不一樣，所以對我來說記住所有的人的面孔和名字可是一件難事。I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old ，可一開始我還是覺得有些挑戰(zhàn)性，因為所有的作業(yè)都是英語的。However, it was a bit challenging for me at first, because all the homework was in ，所有的老師都給了我很多鼓勵，I felt lucky, as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: 因此，我也喜歡我所學(xué)的每一門功課：English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and 、歷史、英國文學(xué)、計算機(jī)、數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)、體育、藝術(shù)、烹飪和法語。My English improved a lot, as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the ，每天還花一個小時在圖書館里閱讀英文書籍，因此，我的英語有了很大進(jìn)步。I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send s to my family and friends back home for ，這樣我就可以免費(fèi)給國內(nèi)的家人和朋友發(fā)電子郵件了。I also had an extra French class on Tuesday ——每個星期二晚上去聽法語。Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook 、配菜和做菜的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)烹飪真是一種樂趣。At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook ，我們班開了一個派對，我們每個人都要為派對做點(diǎn)吃的。I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I ，這可真讓我高興。Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can stop studying some subjects if they do not like them, for example, History and 、英語和科學(xué)是該校的必修課，但是，如果不喜歡某些科目是可以中斷學(xué)習(xí)的，如歷史和法語。They can choose other subjects like Art and Computer Science, or languages such as Spanish and ，如藝術(shù)、計算機(jī)或者是西班牙語、德語之類的語言課。In the Art class that I took, I made a small it did not look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very 。盡管完工之后它看上去并不十分漂亮，但我仍然非常喜歡它。I missed Chinese food a lot at 。British food is very 。British people like eating dessert at the end of their main 。After lunch, we usually played on the school I played football with the 。有時我和男生們一起踢足球。Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the 。I was very lucky to experience this different way of 。I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction, and I really hope to go back and study in Manchester ，真希望有朝一日能夠重返曼徹斯特，在那里讀書學(xué)習(xí)。M1U1Project Starting a new school clubWe have a radio club in our is great because it is run by the students for the am lucky as I am one of the was started two years day, I just began thinking about music for everyone, so I asked the headmaster if music could be played during break approved the idea, and two years later I am in charge of the radio club as the oldest student club is much more than just morning we tell our schoolmates about the weather, recent news, and some special messages that the teachers want us to exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things they should do for the end of the school year, many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their close friends and parents e to visit the school and talk to the teachers, we often play songs sung by students, and we also give messages to inform the parents of events such as outings and school shall miss the radio club after graduation, but I know that it will continue without me.(Kate Jones)Our school club ‘Poets of the Next Generation’ is a literary club that was started by our English teacher meet on the last Friday of every month to talk about poems and poets that we the club meetings, we first select poems that we love, and then read them also discuss poems in our I attended the first meeting, I was required to write a poem and I had to read it to the was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped once read a poem about nature in the school chose an old tree and gathered everyone under it before I club members said it was one of the best positions they had heard.(Bob Shaw)Project我們學(xué)校有一個廣播俱樂部。這個俱樂部的非常之處在于它是由學(xué)生們自己為