【導(dǎo)讀】伯納德·貝爾，劉捷譯.非洲裔美國黑人小說極其傳統(tǒng)[M].成都:四川出版社,2021.陳健.淺淡《紫色》的書信體風(fēng)格[J].南京:南京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2021.郭棲慶.美國全國圖書獎(jiǎng)小說評論集[C].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2021.成任務(wù)書規(guī)定工作情況；3.查閱和應(yīng)用文獻(xiàn)資料能力；和撰寫規(guī)范化程度；7.創(chuàng)新與成效。1．答辯準(zhǔn)備情況；2.口頭表達(dá)能。（報(bào)告書）的規(guī)范及創(chuàng)新。以及經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的解放的研究，探尋出在種族歧視以及性別歧視的不平等社會里，

　　

【正文】 k and other colored women, their cultural uniqueness lies in the heritage of a11 love and food and roundness. Loves struggle. Loves the Folk. Loves herself(sic). Womanist is to feminist as purple to lavender. (Walker 1983, 1) The first interpretation delimits the scope of the womanist, which means that only the black or colored feminist can be called the womanist. This proposition is set against the mainstream white feminism which “has alienated working class and colored women from the liberation struggle” (Madsen 216). As a black woman, Walker is mainly concerned about the condition of black women, but she does not fet other oppressed colored women. Thus the womanist can not be simply called the black feminist. Walker also gives the origin of the womanist in the first interpretation, . womanish. Thus a womanist must have the characters which the word “womanish” suggests, such as outrageous, audacious, courageous, willful, serious, responsible, grownup. As a womanist, Walker herself demonstrates these characters thoroughly. At a very young age, she was confident with herself and knew how to “show up”. Girl as she was, she could cry out “I’m the prettiest” in front of her brothers (Walker 1983, 385). When she studied in college, . Thesis Chapter 1 Feminism and Womanism 12 she actively took part in the Civil Rights Movement and the Women’s Movement. She was also the pioneer who opened the course of black women literature in college. Walker devotes herself to the liberation of black women and connects her destiny with all the black women’s. Walker herself illustrates what a womanist should be like and be responsible for. In the first interpretation, Walker marks the womanist from race, . the colored, love of beauty and a respect for strength (Walker 1985, 23792382). Walker’s last definition of the womanist may be the most misunderstanding one. “Womanist is to feminist as purple to lavender.” This interpretation contains two meanings. One is that womanism and feminism are not two totally different schools. They have something in mon. Both of them, for example, serve for women’s liberation. Anyhow, as lavender is much lighter than purple, feminism has less connotations than womanism. One of the reasons is that the mainstream white feminism usually ignores the existence of black women and other colored women. In the prologue to her book, The Female Imagination, Patricia Meyer Spacks attempts to explain why her book deals solely with white women in the “Angl oAmerican literary tradition” .She said so because she did not have such experience of Third World female psychology in America. As a . Thesis Chapter 1 Feminism and Womanism 13 white woman, she would rather choose to describe familiar experience which belonged to a familiar culture setting. While Walker’s answer to her explanation is that “yet Spacks never lived in nieenthcentury Yorkshine, so why theorize the Bronts?” (Walker 1983, 372). It is not her experiences that stop her doing so, but it is she herself that does not want to. On an exhibition of women painters at the Brooklyn Museum, there is such a dialogue: “‘Are there no black women painters represented here?’ one asked a white woman feminist. ‘It’s a wormen’s exhibit!’ she replied” (Walker 1985, 378). It is apparently that the white feminists are reluctant to regard the black women as “women”, for “women” is the name they call themselves, and themselves alone. “Racism decrees that if they are now women (years ago they were ladies, but fashions change) then black women must, perforce, be something else. (While they were ‘ladies,’ black women could be ‘women,’ and so on.)” (Walker 1985, 376).16 No more word is needed to describe the white feminists’ ignorance of black women. However, are black women really inferior to white women and should not be called “women”? Let’s listen to Sojourner Truth’s answer: “ Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or ever mudpuddles, or gives me any best places! And ain’t I a woman? Look at me! . Thesis Chapter 1 Feminism and Womanism 14 Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain’t I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man . And ain’t I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen them most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother’s grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain’t I a woman? ” Truth’s statement strongly expresses that black women are not only “women”, but even much stron ger women than white women. Then how can black women still work with the white women who even do not know their existence? Barbara Smith has also noticed that “black women have known that their lives in some ways incorporated goals that white middleclass women were striving for, but race and class privilege, of course, reshaped the meaning of those goals profoundly” (1998, 179). There es the biggest difference between the goals of feminism and those of womanism. The former is only for the situation of the white middleclass women, and the latter is for all the women in the world, . universalism, as Walker has mentioned in the second interpretation. For a womanist, “when she thought of women moving, she automatically thought of women all over the world” (Walker 1983, 378). It is her own experience that enables her to do so. A colored woman usually . Thesis Chapter 1 Feminism and Womanism 15 suffers double oppression in America. The black women, for example, when facing the white people, suffer racial oppression, both from the white men and women. When ing back to their own homes, they have to sustain th