【正文】 ， impolite， kind, naughty， nice， silly， stupid等 )作表語時，不定式后可以加 of來引導出其邏輯主語： It is very kind of you to tell me the truth． It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing． 2)不定式作賓語 不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶 to 的不定式 , 另一種是 “ 及物動詞 +疑問詞 +帶 to的不定式。及物動詞 +帶 to 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) : 只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有 : afford, agree, aim, appear, ask, believe, care， claim， decide demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, prepare, refuse, seek, swear, undertake， want, wish等。 He managed to solve the plicated stranger offered to show me the undertook to build a new plant in South 詞 +疑問代 (副 )詞 +不定式： 這類動詞常見的有 advise, decide, find out, fet, inquire, know, learn, see, regard, remember, teach, tell, understand, wonder等。常見的疑問代 (副 )詞有 : what, when, where, which, how, whether等。 He does not know when to can decide whether to continue or to will show you how to deal with ，不定式可由 it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達：動詞(如 find, think， consider， feel等 )+it+ 形容詞 +不定式。 She considers it necessary to make friends with find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’) 不定式做表語 一種情況 為主語是不定式 (表示條件 )；表語也是不定式 (表示結(jié)果 )： To see is to work means to earn a living． 另一種情況為主語是以 aim， duty， hope, idea， job, plan， problem, purpose， thing， wish等名詞為中心的短語，或以 what引導的名詞性從句，不定式表語對主語起補充說明作用： His aim is to study abroad in the near future． The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price． What I want to say is to fet all the unhappy experience． 4)不定式作定語 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語主要有三種類型： 第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語。例如： There was really nothing to fear． He gave me an interesting book to read． 如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就 得加相應(yīng)的介詞。例如： Mary needs a friend to play with． That girl has nothing to worry about． They have a strict teacher to listen to． Although the film had been on for ten minutes, I still was not able to find a chair to sit on． 第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語；例如： Have you got a key to unlock the door? The action to be taken is correct． There is nothing to be gained by pretending． 第三種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞通常是表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、 is 算、能力、意向等意義的名詞： ability, attempt, effort, impulse, inclination,wish等。例如： Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her． I have no wishto quarrel withyou． Neither of them had any inclination to do business with )不定式作狀語 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語通常都能轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性狀語從句。例如作原因狀語： They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area． They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area． He was lucky to arrive before dark． He was lucky because he arrived before dark． 作目的狀語： She raised her voice to be heared better． She raised her voice so that she could heard better． We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam． We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam． 作結(jié)果狀語： The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians． The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians． He got to the station only to be told the train had gone． He got to the station and was told that the train had gone． 不帶 to的不定式的使用 動詞不定式通常帶 to，但在有些搭配中不帶 to，在另一些搭配中可帶 to 可不帶 to。歸納起來，以下情況下使用不帶 to 不定式： 1)在 can／ could, /may／ might， will／ would， shall／ should， must, need， dare等情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞不定式不帶 to。 2)在表示感覺意義的動詞，如 see， feel， watch， notice， smell， hear， observe 等后，或是表示 “ 致使 ” 意義的動詞，如 have， let， make等后，動詞不定式不帶 to。例如： I often heard him say that he would study hard． I must have him see his own mistakes． 但是，當這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，后面的 不帶 to 不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶 to 不定式。例如： He was often heard to say that he would study hard． After he had finished speaking， he was made to answer innumerable questions． 3)在動詞 help之后可用不帶 to 的不定式，也可用帶 to 的不定式。例如： Help the old lady(to)carry the heavy )在 had better， would rather， may／ might as well， rather than， can not but等搭配之后，動詞不定式也不帶 to。例如： Unless you feel to ill to go out， I would rather not stay at home tonight． She could not but criticize his foolish )在 make do， make believe， let drop， 1et fall， 1et fly，let slip， let drive， let go off， hear say， hear tell， leave go of等固定搭配中，用不帶 to的動詞不定式。例如： They let go of the rope．他們松開了繩子。 John let fly a torrent of abuse at me．約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。 I39。ve heard tell of him．我聽說過他。 Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students．由于生源不足 ,一些教職員工被解雇了。 6)在介詞 but， except之后，如果其前有動詞 do 的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶 to，反之則必須帶to，表示 “ 不得不，只能 ” 。例如： He will do anything except work on the farm． There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender． The spy was both hungry and cold； there was nothing left for him but to give in． I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining． 下面一些短語是固定搭配，不帶 to： can not help but， can not choose but， can not but， do nothing but， have nothing to do but。例如： I can not but admire his do， to 省略： I did nothing but watch TV last night． 如果是下面一個固定搭配，就帶 to： I have no choice but to give up my )緊跟在 why或 why not之后的動詞不定式總是不帶 to。但是，緊跟在 who， what，which， whether等連接詞后的不定式帶 to。例如： Why stand up if you can sit down? Why not ask your teacher when you don39。t understand the meaning? You needn39。t decide yet whether to study arts or science． 4．不定式的完成式和進行式 1)構(gòu)成 完成式： to+ have done 進行式： to+ be doing 2)用法 完成式：如果不定式所表示的動作 (狀態(tài) )發(fā)生在主要謂語動作之前，那么不定式就要用其完成式。 進行式：如果主要謂語動作 (情況 )發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在發(fā)生，那么不定式就要用其進行式。例如： She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline． The Vikings are believed to have discovered America． When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the puter． 5．不定式的被動形式 當不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動形式，包括它的一般式和完成式。例如： For twelve years, Spanish censorship did not allow Lorca39。s name to be mentioned and his work to be published． The snow was supposed to have been blown off the mountain． 6．不定式的否定形式 否定形式是在不定式的標志 to前加 not。例如： I decided not to ask him again． Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out．