【正文】 ing village level highways as well. According to statistics from the Ministry of Communications and the National Bureau of Statistics, China has witnessed observable advancement in highway network infrastructure and technological aptitude. By the end of 2000, highways with a state level rating soared 160 percent to million kilometers, 810,000 kilometers longer than in 1979, accounting for percent of all highways nationwide. The ratio of highquality highways with a state Grade II or better rating rose by percent from 1979, totaling 219,000 kilometers. At the end of 2001, China had built million kilometers of highway with a state level rating, percent of which are highquality highways with a Grade II or higher rating totaling 227,000 kilometers. At the end of 2000, highways with a sealed road surface had grown by 136 percent to million kilometers, 879,000 kilometers longer than reported in the 1979 survey. And the ratio of sealed roads surged from percent in 1979 to percent in 2000. Highways without sealed road surfaces decreased by 75,000 kilometers in the same period. In the two decades since the first national highway survey, highquality and averagequality highways increased by 332 percent, from 151,000 kilometers to 653,000 kilometers. The ratio of highquality and averagequality highways was up percent from 1979. At the end of 2001, the measure of highways with a sealed road surface, now million kilometers, accounted for 91 percent of the highways nationwide. The 672,000 kilometers of highquality and averagequality highways now account for percent of the total highway transportation network. County level highways extended by a massive amount. At the end of 2000, county level highways totaled million kilometers, 675,000 kilometers longer than two decades ago. This figure was up to million kilometers by the end of 2001. Two decades after the first national highway survey in 1979, highway development in rural areas has marched on to extend total length and technological capability. In recent years especially, increasing efforts have been made to accelerate and upgrade highways in remote areas. As a result, these highways have played an important role in developing those “old revolutionary base areas, minority inhabited areas, country border areas and povertystricken areas”. The regional density and overall coverage of highways has also been further optimized. In the late 1950s, 47 counties nationwide still had no access to highways. In the late 1970s, only Medog County in Tibet and Derong County in Sichuan still had no highways. By the eighth FiveYear Plan period (19911995), all counties nationwide had been connected with the nationwide highway transportation network. At the end of 2000, percent of townships and percent of administrative villages are interlinked with highways. At the end of 2001, these ratios were a further and 1 percentage point higher respectively. At the end of 2000, the highway density was kilometers per one hundred square kilometers and 13 kilometers per 10,000 people, kilometers per one hundred square kilometers and 4 kilometers per 10,000 people greater than in 1979. At the end of 2001, the density was kilometers per one hundred square kilometers. The survey results highlight outstanding achievements made with regard to the nation’s highwaybridges and tunnels. At the end of 2000, China had built 279,000 highwaybridges totaling million meters, of which 1,457 are extralarge bridges and 14,000 are forkshaped bridges. The total length grew by 120 percent and the total number grew by 184 percent pared with the 1979 survey. At the end of 2001, China had built 284,000 highwaybridges totaling million meters with 14,429 large bridges and 1,580 extralarge bridges. Fortyfive highwaybridges have been built over the Yangtze River and 68 over the Yellow River. The pleted construction and subsequent opening to traffic of some large and extralarge bridges, especially the Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge and the Shantou Haiwan Bridge, represents China’s worldadvanced craftsmanship in building highwaybridges. At the end of 2000, the number of highwaytunnels had reached 1,684 totaling 628,000 meters in length, representing a fold increase in number and an 11 fold increase in aggregate meters since 1979. Of these highwaytunnels, fifteen are extralong tunnels, with lengths of over 3,000 meters each, and 135 tunnels have a length between 1,000 meters and 3,000 meters each. At the end of 2001, China had 1,782 highwaytunnels totaling 705,000 meters with 18 extralong tunnels and 155 long tunnels. 中國高速公路的成功建設中國國家通訊局和統(tǒng)計局用了超過兩年的時間，對于中國高速公路進行了第二次的全國性調(diào)查，此項調(diào)查共花費5億元人民幣，折合6050萬美元。不久前公布的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，中國在高速公路發(fā)展事業(yè)中已經(jīng)取得顯著的成就。時至2000年底，中國已經(jīng)建成一個長達168萬公里的高速公路網(wǎng)，它比1979年第一次全國性調(diào)查中的高速公路總長度增長了近80400公里。到2001年底，這項數(shù)據(jù)將繼續(xù)攀高至170萬公里。高速公路的建設發(fā)展在不斷漸增的長度中體現(xiàn)。到2000年底為止，在全國范圍內(nèi)，中國共建了16000公里長的高速公路。到2001年，中國將代替加拿大，成為擁有世界第二長度的高速公路的國家，高速公路的總長度將達到19000公里。第二次全國高速公路調(diào)查涉及全國所有的高速公路，包括主要的國家運輸通道，省際通道，縣級公路，郊區(qū)公路，特殊用途公路，和到2000年底為止的不包括港、澳、臺地區(qū)的公路附屬設施的建設的調(diào)查。為了更加深入的對郊區(qū)公路的發(fā)展和覆蓋面的了解，這項調(diào)查也針對市郊高速公路進行了調(diào)查。據(jù)中國通訊局和統(tǒng)計的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國已經(jīng)成功在高速公路網(wǎng)的基礎設施和技術(shù)上展現(xiàn)出顯而易見的杰出才能。2000年底，國道的長度增長率上升了160個百分點，達到132萬公里。比1979年的調(diào)查結(jié)果增長了810000公里，%?？傆?19000公里。2001年末，中國已建成1336000公里的國家級公路。%的公路達到國家二級及以上的高質(zhì)量標準，長度達227000公里。2000年底，柏油路面高速公路已經(jīng)增長了136%，達到了152600000萬公里。比1979年的調(diào)查里長了879000公里。 %猛增到2000年的 %。在此期間，非柏油路面的高速公路長度減少了75公里。從20年前的第一次全國公路調(diào)查以來,高質(zhì)量的公路增加了332 % , 從151000公里增長至653000公里. 從1979年以來， % 。2001年末，柏油路面的高速公路，現(xiàn)長度已達到1546000公里。占全國高速公路總長度的91%。%?？h級公路也在數(shù)量上迅速增長。2000年末，縣級公路已經(jīng)達到1263000公里。比20年前增加了675000公里。到2001年末，這項數(shù)據(jù)將達1277000公里。在1979年第一次全國公路調(diào)查的二十年后，農(nóng)村公路發(fā)展在建設長度和技術(shù)能力都有長足進步。 近年來,中國在加速和提升公路的偏遠地區(qū)的公路建設上做出越來越多的努力。結(jié)果顯示，這些公路在開發(fā)那些老革命根據(jù)地, 少數(shù)民族地區(qū),國家邊疆地區(qū)和貧困地區(qū) 方面已發(fā)揮了重要作用。 那些在區(qū)域人口密度高和覆蓋面積廣的公路也已進一步優(yōu)化. 在50年代末, 中國有47個縣仍然沒有高速公路. 到了70年代末,( 19911995年) , 全國范圍內(nèi)的每個縣已與全國公路運輸網(wǎng)絡連接起來. 截至2000年底, % %的行政村建立了互相相通的公路. 截至2001年底,。 截至2000年底, , 每萬人13公里。大大超過1979年每百平方公里840公里,