【正文】 porrum)籽苗的基部誘導(dǎo)出了體細(xì)胞胚和高頻率再生植株。Fridberg, et al. (1971) directly induced buds from the onion bud scale in the MS+ mg/L NAA+ mg/L KT medium for the first time. Havranek, et al. (1973) adopted the young leaf of garlic as the explant to establish callus culture system. The experiment showed that the adding of IAA had the inhibiting effect on dedifferentiation, and 2,4D could totally inhibit the formation of callus. Zee, et al. (1997) induced leek leave to obtain a plete regenerated plant. Yang Naibo (1981, 1992) adopted unfolded garlic leave as the explant to carry out in vitro culture experiment and discovered that the best culture mediums for obtaining callus and regenerated plant were MS+ mg/L 2,4D++ mg/L NAA+, et al. (1981) believed that garlic clove could also differentiate to tube seedling. Lv Qiyu (1982) classified callus into three categories according to the status and meristematic capacity of callus formed by garlic leaves: ①semicircular, firm texture, pact structure, pure white and transparent. This kind of callus can form relatively more green buds。 ② semicircular, multihead, light yellow, relatively high vitality, strong meristematic capacity. This kind of callus can form a small quantity of green buds。 ③browning occurs. This kind of callus loses vitality and soon dies. According to the research by Maggional, et al. (1983), the best medium for inducing callus was MS+ mg/L NAA+ mg/L 2,4D+ mg/L KT provided that the garlic leave was taken as the explant。 the best medium for inducing buds was MS+ mg/L IAA+ mg/L KT, while that for roots was MS+10g/L sucrose (sucrose)+ mg/L IBA. She Jianming (1988) successfully cultured regenerated plants from storage leaf and foliage leaf of the garlic. Zheng Hairou (1990) held the opinion that 2,4D was beneficial to the induction of garlic leaves to form callus. However, he thought it was not conducive to the differentiation of the seedling. Wang Honglong, et al. (1994) used sprout leaves in 1/2MS+ mg/L 2,4D+ mg/L KT medium to form callus, and then transferred it to MS ( free from NH4NO3)+ mg/L KT+ mg/L 6BA+ mg/L AD+ mg/L IAA after the secondary culture. They discovered that the somatic embryos were formed 25 days later, and the regenerated plants were thus obtained. According to the experimental research by Zhang Song (1995), the induction of A. fistulosum L. will generate two kinds of callus: ①globular, smooth surface, hard, light yellow and relatively high differentiation capacity。 ②loose surface, white, weak reflection and differentiation capacity. The callus induced by garlic leaves (Lv Qiyu, et al., 1987。 Zheng Hairou, et al., 1990。 Zhang Song, et al., 1995) and A. mongolicum Rege1 (Chen Gang, et al., 1999) successfully differentiated to plants with the latter blossoming and fruiting. Wang, et al. (1995) used the base of the seedlings of A．porrum to induce somatic embryos and highfrequency regenerated plants.莖盤(pán)具有很強(qiáng)的分生能力，是良好的培養(yǎng)材料，以莖盤(pán)為外植體誘導(dǎo)成苗，是一種行之有效的離體培養(yǎng)方法。曾淑冰等（1982）誘導(dǎo)大蒜鱗莖幼芽及下部帶莖盤(pán)組織形成愈傷組織，將愈傷組織轉(zhuǎn)接在MS+ mg/L 2,4D+ mg/L 6BA的分化培養(yǎng)基上，25℃，8 h光照條件下培養(yǎng)40天后，形成大量無(wú)根幼芽，將無(wú)根芽培養(yǎng)在不加任何激素的MS培養(yǎng)基上，15～20天后長(zhǎng)出白色幼根。陳鴻冰等（1988）把洋蔥鱗莖培養(yǎng)于MS、MT、BNBDS培養(yǎng)基中，添加不同濃度配比的2,4D、NAA、IBA、6BA、KT誘導(dǎo)愈傷和成芽。結(jié)果顯示：誘導(dǎo)愈傷組織形成的最佳處理是MS+ mg/L 2,4D+ mg/L 6BA，%。分化培養(yǎng)基較好的是MS+ mg/L IBA+ mg/L KT，接種20天后，愈傷組織由黃白色變?yōu)辄S綠色，出現(xiàn)綠色芽點(diǎn)，繼代培養(yǎng)后，繁殖系數(shù)可達(dá)100～300。薛萬(wàn)新等（1994）以蒼山大蒜蒜瓣為外植體，35℃條件下貯藏5個(gè)月，分化新梢的效果較好。研究結(jié)果表明，MS+ mg/L KT+ mg/L NAA為最佳誘芽培養(yǎng)基，培養(yǎng)基中加入青霉素不僅可以減少污染，而且能促進(jìn)新梢的分化。Ayabe和 Sumi（1998，2001）新近建立了一種生產(chǎn)大蒜脫毒試管苗的新方法莖盤(pán)培養(yǎng)法 (Stemdisc dome culture)。該法以未成熟小鱗莖基部的莖盤(pán)作外植體，在不加外源激素的LS培養(yǎng)基上培養(yǎng)，一個(gè)莖盤(pán)可分化出20~30株苗，1個(gè)月內(nèi)就可形成小鱗莖。在土壤中移栽后發(fā)現(xiàn)，此法獲得的植株葉片無(wú)病毒感染癥狀。李志勇等（1999）研究表明，4℃ 低溫處理大蒜蒜瓣可大大降低培養(yǎng)污染率；鱗莖盤(pán)較大()時(shí)，愈傷組織產(chǎn)生量較多；鱗莖盤(pán)較小()幾乎不產(chǎn)生愈傷組織；MS+ mg/L 2,4D+ mg/L IBA的培養(yǎng)基可促使大蒜愈傷組織大量發(fā)生。Myers and Simon（1999）以不同品種大蒜鱗莖盤(pán)為外植體研究植物生長(zhǎng)激素和培養(yǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)愈傷分化形成植株的影響，結(jié)果顯示在B5+ mg/L 6BA+ mg/L Picloram的培養(yǎng)基上不定芽的形成率最高，隨著培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)，愈傷組織分化形成植株的能力降低。Sata等 （2000） mg/L 2, mg/L KT的White培養(yǎng)基從大蒜小鱗莖基部直接誘導(dǎo)出體細(xì)胞胚，誘導(dǎo)率為60%。Luciani等（2006）在研究不同外植體和植物生長(zhǎng)激素對(duì)大蒜愈傷誘導(dǎo)和植株再生的影響時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，用鱗莖盤(pán)和莖尖分生組織較根尖和未成熟花序的活性高，2,4D在愈傷誘導(dǎo)和植株再生的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了重要作用。張素芝等（2006）也發(fā)現(xiàn)2,4D對(duì)莖盤(pán)愈傷組織的誘導(dǎo)具有主要作用，高濃度的2,4D有利于大蒜愈傷組織的誘導(dǎo)，但并不利于其增殖分化。傅德明等（2006）以藠頭鱗莖盤(pán)為外植體，在1/2MS+ mg/L 6BA+ mg/L IBA培養(yǎng)基上、溫度23～25℃ 條件下試管培養(yǎng)。結(jié)果顯示：誘導(dǎo)分化、增殖及生根一步完成，獲得完整植株，36d一個(gè)培養(yǎng)周期，72d增殖倍數(shù)為128，以普通沙土為移栽基質(zhì)，移栽成活率100％。Xu等（2008）以藠頭鱗莖盤(pán)為外植體進(jìn)行離體快繁培養(yǎng)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)6BA對(duì)藠頭芽的分化和形成有很大影響，出芽率最高，分化芽數(shù)明顯高于其它濃度處理； mg/L時(shí)生根最快， mg/L的生根數(shù)最多。溫度是影響鱗莖膨大的關(guān)鍵因子，不同溫度處理下，鱗莖形成的快慢差別顯著。30℃時(shí)鱗莖形成最快。Basal plate has strong meristem capacity, and is a good culture material. It is an effective in vitro culture method to use basal plate as the explant to induce the seedlings. Zeng Shubing, et al. (1982) induced the buds of garlic bulb and the lower tissue with basal plate to form callus, and then transferred it to MS+ mg/L 2,4D+ mg/L 6BA meristem medium. Next, they cultured it under the condition of 25℃ and 8h of illumination, and a large quantity of rootless buds emerged. They cultured those rootless buds into the MS medium without adding any hormone, and after 15 to 20 days white radicles turned up. Chen Hongbing, et al. (1988) cultured onion bulbs in the MS, MT, B5, N6 and BDS mediums, and added in 2,4D, NAA, IBA, 6BA and KT with different proportion of concentration to induce callus and seedling. The result showed that the best treatment for inducing the formation of callus was MS+ mg/L 2,4D+ mg/L 6BA with the induction rate of %. The relatively good differentiation culture medium was MS+ mg/L IBA+ mg/L KT. After inoculation for 20 days, the callus transformed from yellow white to yellow green, and the green bud nodes appeared. After the secondary culture, the proliferation coefficient could reach 100 to 300. Xue Wanxin, et al. (1994) used garlic cloves of Cangshan garlic as the explants, and stored them for 5 months at 35℃, and the effect of young sprout differentiation was relatively good. The result of the research showed that MS+ mg/L KT+ mg/L NAA was the best bud induction culture medium. The adding of penicillin in the medium could not only reduce contamination, but also promote the differentiation of the young