【正文】 ?。ㄈ゛mp。nbsp。amp。nbsp。 柔性制造系統(tǒng)（FMS）CIMS implementation is not the simple bination of dispersed system, existing but global dynamic optimal bination. It breaks the line between the original department, manufacturing as the backbone to control the logistics and information flow, from management decision, product development, production preparation, production experiment to the bination of production and operation management. The improvement of enterprise integration can make all kinds of factors of production between the configuration of the better optimization, the potential of all kinds of factors of production can be more big play. (3) flexible manufacturing system (FMS) 　　柔性制造系統(tǒng)是計(jì)算機(jī)化的制造系統(tǒng)，主要由計(jì)算機(jī)、數(shù)控機(jī)床、機(jī)器人、料盤、自動(dòng)搬運(yùn)小車和自動(dòng)化倉(cāng)庫(kù)等組成。它可以隨機(jī)地、實(shí)時(shí)地、按量地按照裝配部門的要求，生產(chǎn)其能力范圍內(nèi)的任何工件，特別適于多品種、中小批量、設(shè)計(jì)更改頻繁的離散零件的批量生產(chǎn)。Flexible manufacturing system is a puterized manufacturing system, is mainly posed of puter, nc machine tools, robots, materials plate, automatic handling car and warehouse, etc. It can randomly, in real time, volume, according to the requirements of assembly department, the production the ability within the scope of any artifacts, particularly suitable for many varieties, small batch, the batch production of discrete parts design change frequently. 　（四）amp。nbsp。amp。nbsp。 工業(yè)機(jī)器人(4) industrial robots 　第1代機(jī)器人亦稱示教再現(xiàn)機(jī)器人，它們只能根據(jù)示教進(jìn)行重復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，對(duì)工作環(huán)境和作業(yè)對(duì)象的變化缺乏適應(yīng)性和靈活性；第2代機(jī)器人帶有各種先進(jìn)的傳感元件，能獲取作業(yè)環(huán)境和操作對(duì)象的簡(jiǎn)單信息，通過計(jì)算機(jī)處理、分析，做出一定的判斷，對(duì)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行反饋控制，表現(xiàn)出低級(jí)智能，已開始走向?qū)嵱没坏?代機(jī)器人即智能機(jī)器人，具有多種感知功能，可進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的邏輯思維、判斷和決策，在作業(yè)環(huán)境中獨(dú)立行動(dòng)，與第5代計(jì)算機(jī)關(guān)系密切。First generation of robot which is also called reappearance robot teaching, they can only be repeated according to the teaching exercise, lack of adaptability to the change of work environment and job objects and flexibility。 Second generation robots with various advanced sensing element, can obtain the working environment and operating object of simple information, through puter processing, analysis, make a judgment, to feedback control of movements, showed lowlevel intelligence, has begun to practical application。 Third generation robot intelligent robots, with a variety of sensory function, can be plex logic thinking, judgment and decisionmaking, independent action in the working environment, closely associated with the fifth generation puter. 　三、機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的發(fā)展前景3, mechanical and electrical integration technology development prospects 　縱觀國(guó)內(nèi)外機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展動(dòng)向，機(jī)電一體化將朝著以下幾個(gè)方向發(fā)展：Throughout the development of the electromechanical integration at home and abroad present situation and developing tendency of the high and new technology, electromechanical integration will develop in the direction of the following: （一）amp。nbsp。amp。nbsp。 智能化(1) intelligent 　　智能化是機(jī)電一體化與傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械自動(dòng)化的主要區(qū)別之一，也是21世紀(jì)機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展方向。近幾年，處理器速度的提高和微機(jī)的高性能化、傳感器系統(tǒng)的集成化與智能化為嵌入智能控制算法創(chuàng)造了條件，有力地推動(dòng)著機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品向智能化方向發(fā)展。智能機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品可以模擬人類智能，具有某種程度的判斷推理、邏輯思維和自主決策能力，從而取代制造工程中人的部分腦力勞動(dòng)。Intelligent electromechanical integration is one of the main difference with the traditional mechanical automation, also is the development direction of mechanical and electrical integration in the 21st century. In recent years, high performance processing for the increase in processor speed and microputer, integration and intelligence of sensor system create conditions for embedded intelligent control algorithm, effectively promotes the electromechanical integration products to the intelligent direction. Intelligent mechatronics products can simulate human intelligence, it has some degree of judgment, reasoning, logical thinking and autonomous decisionmaking ability, mental Labour to replace manufacturing engineering in part. amp。nbsp。amp。nbsp。 （二）amp。nbsp。amp。nbsp。 系統(tǒng)化(2) the systematic 　　系統(tǒng)化的表現(xiàn)特征之一就是系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步采用開放式和模式化的總線結(jié)構(gòu)。系統(tǒng)可以靈活組態(tài)，進(jìn)行任意的剪裁和組合，同時(shí)尋求實(shí)現(xiàn)多子系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)控制和綜合管理。表現(xiàn)特征之二是通信功能大大加強(qiáng)，一般除RS232等常用通信方式外，實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程及多系統(tǒng)通信聯(lián)網(wǎng)需要的局部網(wǎng)絡(luò)正逐漸被采用。未來的機(jī)電一體化更加注重產(chǎn)品與人的關(guān)系，如何賦予機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品以人的智能、情感、人性顯得越來越重要。機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品還可根據(jù)一些生物體優(yōu)良的構(gòu)造研究某種新型機(jī)體，使其向著生物系統(tǒng)化方向發(fā)展。One of the systematic performance characteristics is further use open system architecture and modeling of the bus structure. System can be flexibly configured, any bination of clipping and, at the same time seeking to achieve multiple subsystems coordinated control and integrated management. Performance characteristics of the second is greatly enhance munication function, usually in addition to the mon munication such as RS232, realize remote and system munication network needs more local network is gradually used. Mechanical and electrical integration of the future pay more attention to product the relationship with people, how to give electromechanical integration products to people39。s intelligence, emotion, human nature is more and more important. Electromechanical integration products can also be based on some biological excellent research a new airframe structure, make its biological in systematic way. 　?。ㄈ゛mp。nbsp。amp。nbsp。 微型化(3) the miniaturization 　　微型機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)高度融合了微機(jī)械技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)和軟件技術(shù)，是機(jī)電一體化的一個(gè)新的發(fā)展方向。國(guó)外稱微電子機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的幾何尺寸一般不超過1cm3，并正向微米、納米級(jí)方向發(fā)展。由于微機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)具有體積小、耗能小、運(yùn)動(dòng)靈活等特點(diǎn)，可進(jìn)入一般機(jī)械無法進(jìn)入的空間并易于進(jìn)行精細(xì)操作，故在生物醫(yī)學(xué)、航空航天、信息技術(shù)、工農(nóng)業(yè)乃至國(guó)防等領(lǐng)域，都有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。目前，利用半導(dǎo)體器件制造過程中的蝕刻技術(shù)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中已制造出亞微米級(jí)的機(jī)械元件。Micro electromechanical system highly integrated micro mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and software technology, is a new developing direction of electromechanical integration. Foreign said microelectronic mechanical system geometry size is generally not more than 1 cm3, and positive micro and nanoscale direction. Because the microelectromechanical integration system has characteristics such as small volume, small energy consumption, flexible movement, can enter the general machinery can39。t enter the space and is easy to fine operation, therefore, in the biological medicine, aeronautics and astronautics, information technology, industry and agriculture and national defense and other fields, have broad application prospects. At present, using etching of semiconductor device manufacturing process technology, have produced in the laboratory of subm