【正文】 4290014395791014127293013898794013891009501389附錄7 R134a熱物理性能錄BGreen refrigerant R134aBenxin shiAbstractBenxin shi. Green refrigerant R134a. Geophysical equipment, 1998,8 (2) :3839In this paper, a green refrigerants R134a and with the performance of the refrigerant currently used F12 the difference between, on the R134a can not directly replace the reasons for the F12, reminded everyone in the purchase of appropriate equipment should be Attention to the issue of refrigerant.Keywords　 Refrigerants　 Freon　 F12 R134aThe Montreal Protocol1987 in Montreal adopted a protection of the Earth39。s environment agreements, namely the Montreal agreement: In order to protect the Earth39。s ozone layer is not destroyed, currently in industry are often used as refrigerants, foaming agent, solvents, cleaning agents of the five substances: F 11, F12, F113, F114, F115 (collectively referred to freon) restrictions on the use of. Agreement requirements: 1989 to 1994 the five substances should be limited to 1986 levels。 19951996 for the lower half of 1986。 19971999 for 1986 decreased 15 percent to 2000 will be a plete cessation of The use of freon. This agreement came into effect in 1989. We usually use the small and mediumsized airconditioning, refrigeration equipment and homeuse air conditioners, refrigerators, automobile airconditioning refrigerant most of the F12 (Freon 12). It is also the Montreal Society The restriction list. Montreal Protocol, to replace the F12 refrigerant R134a has been developed. R134a of the Earth39。s ozone layer does not undermine the role of people said such a refrigerant for green refrigerants.Introduction of R134a1. Name: R134a2. Chemical formula: CH2FCF33. Molecular structure: 4. Boiling point: ℃ 5. Saturation vapor pressure R134a the saturation vapor pressure and temperature T P relations as shown in Figure l:R134a replace the F12 issue Some people may think, in 2000 we Freon cooling system of freon Fangdiao, on reperfusion R134a not held? 187。 Reality is not that simple. R134a with freon as the chemical properties, physical properties are very different, so use R134a replace freon, the corresponding entire cooling system should be changed: 1. R134a the saturation vapor pressure than the F12high 14 percent or more, which requires all ponents of the system to a corresponding increase in pressure capacity. Safety valve to protect the safety of the pressure to increase 14 percent. Also, do not use Rerong Cypriot security. 2. The use of R134a, the saturation vapor pressure increased, the expansion valve of the internal structure (such as: needle, aperture, the pressure on the diaphragm, etc.) must be changed. 3. Dingqing system used in the original production of rubber seals, but R134a soluble Dingqing rubber, we must have new materials to replace it. In addition, if the use of R134a, the original system of rubber hose will burst, it also needs new materials to replace. 4. The original system of chilled oil do not dissolve in R134a, so the oil can not be frozen together with the refrigerant cycle, so that the pressor are not very good lubrication. For this reason, if you use R134a, pressor to replace the hydrocarbonethylene glycol (Synthetic Oil) lubrication. 5. The original system of desiccant silica gel not only Adsorbed Water, adsorption R134a. Therefore, in order to use zeolite as a desiccant. 6. As the two refrigerant absorbs heat coefficient different, evaporator, the cooler heat exchange capacity to change accordingly. Suggestions 1. In view of freon will be eliminated in the purchase of refrigeration equipment, do not select the freon refrigeration equipment. To select the use of green refrigerants in refrigeration equipment. Such as: R134a refrigeration equipment, lithium bromide refrigeration equipment, refrigeration equipment, such as semiconductors. 2. At present, some developed countries found out the foreign broken freon refrigeration equipment into China39。s people that do not covet cheap and fooled. 3. For now the use of freon refrigeration equipment, I propose to have been used so far scrapped. It is best not to attempt to transform a system, because of economic considerations is the uneconomical.附錄C “綠色”制冷劑R134a史 本 新摘要史本新 .“綠色”，1998,8(2)：3839本文介紹了一種“綠色”制冷劑——R134a的性能及其與目前常用的制冷劑F12之間的差別，闡述了R134a不能直接替代F—12的原因，提醒大家在購(gòu)買(mǎi)相應(yīng)設(shè)備時(shí)應(yīng)該注意制冷劑的問(wèn)題。主題詞 制冷劑 氟利昂 F12 R134a蒙特利爾協(xié)定1987年在蒙特利爾通過(guò)了一個(gè)保護(hù)地球環(huán)境的協(xié)定，即蒙特利爾協(xié)定：為了保護(hù)地球的臭氧層不被破壞，目前在工業(yè)中通常被用作制冷劑、發(fā)泡劑、溶劑、清洗劑的五種物質(zhì)：F11，F(xiàn)12，F(xiàn)113，F(xiàn)114，F(xiàn)115(統(tǒng)稱(chēng)氟利昂)被限制使用。協(xié)定要求:1989年到1994年上述五種物質(zhì)應(yīng)限制在1986年的水平上；1995—1996年降低為1986年的一半；1997—1999年降低為1986年的15%；到2000年將完全停止使用氟利昂。這一協(xié)定于1989年生效。通常使用的中小型空調(diào)、制冷裝置以及家庭使用的空調(diào)機(jī)、電冰箱、汽車(chē)用空調(diào)的制冷劑絕大部分是F12(氟利昂12)。它也在“蒙特利爾協(xié)定”的限制之列。在“蒙特利爾協(xié)定”之后，能替代F12的制冷劑R134a被研制出來(lái)了。R134a對(duì)地球的臭氧層沒(méi)有破壞作用，人們稱(chēng)這種制冷劑為“綠色”制冷劑。R134a性能簡(jiǎn)介1．名稱(chēng)：R134a2．化學(xué)分子式：CH2FCF33．分子結(jié)構(gòu)： 4．沸點(diǎn)：℃5．飽和蒸氣壓力R134a的飽和蒸氣壓力P與溫度T的關(guān)系見(jiàn)圖l所示：R134a替換F12存在的問(wèn)題有人可能會(huì)想，到2000年我們把氟利昂制冷系統(tǒng)中的氟利昂放掉，灌注R134a不就行了嗎？實(shí)際并非如此簡(jiǎn)單。由于R134a與氟利昂的化學(xué)性質(zhì)、物理性質(zhì)有很大不同，因此，用R134a替換氟利昂時(shí)，相應(yīng)的整個(gè)制冷系統(tǒng)都應(yīng)隨之改變：1．R134a的飽和蒸氣壓力比F12高14%以上，這就要求系統(tǒng)全部元件的耐壓能力要相應(yīng)提高。安全閥的安全保護(hù)壓力也要提高14%。另外，也不能使用熱溶塞做安全保護(hù)。2．使用R134a后，飽和蒸氣壓力提高了，膨脹閥的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)(如：針閥、孔徑、壓力膜片等)都要隨之改變。3．原系統(tǒng)中采用丁晴橡膠制作密封件，但R134a可溶解丁晴橡膠，所以必須有新的材料來(lái)替代它。另外，如果使用R134a，原系統(tǒng)中的橡膠軟管也會(huì)爆裂，因此，也需要新材料來(lái)替換。4．原系統(tǒng)的冷凍機(jī)油不溶于R134a，因此冷凍機(jī)油不能隨制冷劑一起循環(huán)，從而使壓縮機(jī)得不到很好的潤(rùn)滑。為此，如果使用R134a，壓縮機(jī)要更換為聚烴乙二醇(合成油)潤(rùn)滑。5．原系統(tǒng)中的干燥劑硅膠不僅吸附水，也吸附R134a。因此，要改用沸石作為干燥劑。6．由于兩種制冷劑的吸熱系數(shù)不同，蒸發(fā)器、冷卻器的熱交換能力也要隨之改變。幾點(diǎn)建議1．鑒于氟利昂將被淘汰，在選購(gòu)制冷劑設(shè)備時(shí)不要選取氟利昂制冷設(shè)備。要選擇使用“綠色”制冷劑的制冷設(shè)備。如：R134a制冷設(shè)備、溴化鋰制冷設(shè)備、半導(dǎo)體制冷設(shè)備等。2．目前，發(fā)現(xiàn)一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家淘汰的“洋破爛”—氟利昂制冷設(shè)備進(jìn)人我國(guó)，希望不要貪圖便宜而上當(dāng)。3．對(duì)于現(xiàn)在使用中的氟利昂制冷設(shè)備，我建議一直使用到報(bào)廢為止。最好不要作系統(tǒng)改造的嘗試，因?yàn)閺慕?jīng)濟(jì)上考慮也是不合算的。袁節(jié)膅薂羄肅蒃薁蚃芀荿薀螆肅芅蕿袈羋膁蚈羀肁蒀蚇蝕襖莆蚇螂肀莂蚆羅袂羋蚅蚄膈膄蚄螇羈蒂蚃衿膆莈螞羈罿芄螁蟻膄膀螁螃羇葿螀裊膃蒅蝿肈羆莁螈螇芁芇莄袀肄膃莄羂艿蒂莃螞肂莈蒂螄羋芄蒁袆肀膀蒀罿袃薈葿螈聿蒄葿袁羈莀蒈羃膇芆蕆蚃羀膂蒆螅膅蒁薅袇羈莇薄罿膄芃薃蠆羆艿薃袁節(jié)膅薂羄肅蒃薁蚃芀荿薀螆肅芅蕿袈羋膁蚈羀肁蒀蚇蝕襖莆蚇螂肀莂蚆羅袂羋蚅蚄膈膄蚄螇羈蒂蚃衿膆莈螞羈罿芄螁蟻膄膀螁螃羇葿螀裊膃蒅蝿肈羆莁螈螇芁芇莄袀肄膃莄羂艿蒂莃螞肂莈蒂螄羋芄蒁袆肀膀蒀罿袃薈葿螈聿蒄葿袁羈莀蒈羃