【正文】 ng the development and adoption of Building Management Systems technologies. For example the UK Carbon Trust allows Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) to be offset against taxation on energy efficient systems, which enables savings of around 30% for all energyrelated Building Management Systems and Intelligent Buildings equipment, and the associated installation and design costs. Building management systems and intelligent buildings market trendsCareful interpretation is required. In the UK, adoption of controls technologies into the new build and major refurbishment sectors is relatively high: Estimates a few years ago of the UK market for Building Management Control Systems for new build and major refurbishment, all sectors, suggest market adoption of (as at 1994 Source UK1 An Appraisal of UK Energy RTD, ETSU 1994): Heating controls 70%. Hot water system controls 90%. Air conditioning controls 80%. However according to European Commission as many as 90% of all existing buildings have inapplicable or ineffective controls, many of which require plete refurbishment of control systems.Moreover conventional control systems stop short of automated Intelligent Buildings full capabilities. A significant human element is required for optimal effective operation even if control systems correctly specified and installed.Given typical installations and equipment there is often a difficulty for building occupants (residential) or managers (mercial) to operate them correctly. Usage and correct operation are vital for effective results.Education of users。 improved systemsdesign userfriendliness, and the provision of relevant instructions and information are all critical to enable theory to translate into practice, and for potential effectiveness and savings to be realised. Building management systems and intelligent buildings practical benefits Energyeffective systems balance a building39。s electric light, daylight and mechanical systems for maximum benefit. Enhanced lighting design is more than an electrical layout. It must consider the needs and schedules of occupants, seasonal and climatic daylight changes, and its impact on the building39。s mechanical systems.Lighting systemsAdding daylight to a building is one way to achieve an energyeffective design. Natural daylight 39。harvesting39。 can make people happier, healthier, and more productive. And with the reduced need for electric light, a great deal of money can be saved on energy. Nearly every mercial building is a potential energy saving project, where the electric lighting systems can be designed to be dimmed with the availability of daylight. Up to 75% of lighting energy consumption can be saved. In addition, by reducing electric lighting and minimizing solar heat gain, controlled lighting can also reduce a building39。s air conditioning load. Mechanical systems The HVAC system and controls, including the distribution system of air into the workspaces, are the mechanical parts of buildings that affect thermal fort. These systems must work together to provide building fort. While not usually a part of the aesthetics of a building, they are critical to its operations and occupant satisfaction. The number one office plaint is that the workplace is too hot. Number two is that it39。s too cold. Many people cope by adding fans, space heaters, covering up vents, plaining, conducting 39。thermostat wars39。 with their coworkers, or simply leaving the office. Occupants can be driven to distraction trying to adjust the fort in their space. Improper temperature, humidity, ventilation, and indoor air quality can also have significant impacts on productivity and health. When we are thermally fortable we work better, shop longer, relax, breathe easier, focus our attention better. In order to provide a fortable and healthy indoor environment the building mechanical system must:Provide an acceptable level of temperature and humidity and safe guard against odours and indoor air pollutants. Create a sense of habitability through air movement, ventilation and slight temperature variation. Allow the occupant to control and modify conditions to suit individual preferences. Resistance to building management systems and intelligent buildings technology Our buildings are already energyefficient. (Is the whole building energyefficient, or is the landlord limiting his focus to mon areas and gross leased spaces?) We prefer the equipment with the lowest first cost when fitting out tenant space. (Does the specifier have any idea who will bear the increased operating costs of such a strategy?) We need a twoyear simple payback or less. (Is this still realistic, given that the percentage return on money markets is literally onetenth what it was 20 years ago?) Tenants pay all energy costs, and will get all the savings. (Do tenants really pay all energy or just the energy over a preset base year or expense stop?) We39。re selling the building. (Should we assume then that lowering the operating expenses and reaping the increased asset value are not important?) Intelligent homes Building management systems for residential applicationsWith the widespread adoption of digital technologies there will be a profound change in how we municate with others. Even how, in our homes, we shop for goods and services, receive news, manage our finances, learn about the world, and, conduct business, manage resources, find entertainment, and maintain independence and autonomy as we enter old age. These activities increasingly take place in the home. As our perception of banks, shops, universities, munities, and cities change in response to new technologies, so home building management systems are taking on an extraordinary new importance. As it exists today the home cannot meet these demands or take advantage of new opportunities created by social and technological changes. Most people live in spaces